Routing Fundamentals and Layer 3 Protocol Concepts

Flashcards based on lecture notes about Routing Fundamentals and Layer 3 Protocol Concepts.

A layer 3 networking device that uses IP addressing to forward packets between networks.

A Router

Allows you to configure the router remotely using a modem. This port must be configured before you can use it.

Auxiliary Port

This is where the diagnostic and boot-up routines are stored.

ROM

Manufacture memory that holds the Internetwork Operating Systems (IOS).

Flash Memory

Is used to store the startup-configuration file.

NVRAM

Is the working memory for the router. It contains the running-configuration file, a copy of the IOS, the routing tables, and any associated data required by the routing process.

RAM

A router that directs packets inside a LAN.

Internal Router

A routes that directs packets between two separate LANS.

Exterior Router

In today’s terminology, the term ____ often refers to a device that converts information or data from one protocol or format to another.

Gateway

Is a connected group of one or more IP prefixes run by one or more network operators which has a SINGLE and CLEARLY DEFINED routing policy.

Autonomous System

What are some Internetworking Challenges?

Connectivity, reliable service, network management, and flexibility.

A portion of a network limited by its router connection to a specific group of host computers in a common LAN segment.

Broadcast Domains

The world's most popular open-system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks.

TCP/IP Suite

Used to send information from one Layer 2 interface to another Layer 2 interface.

MAC address

Used to send information from one network to another network.

network or logical addressing

Difference between dynamic and static routing?

Dynamic routing automatically adjusts to network changes, while static routing requires manual configuration and does not adapt to changes.

Two basic activities of Routing

Path determination and packet switching.

Three types of routes by which routers populate their routing tables

Directly connected routes, static routes, and dynamic routes.

Term used when routers utilize multiple routes to determine the most trustworthy route

Administrative Distance

Routes that have been manually configured by the network or system administrator as the only path to a destination

Static Routes

Routes that have been learned and maintained in a router's routing table from other internetwork routers using network layer protocols and routing algorithms

Dynamic Routes

A specific type of Static Route that has been manually configured by a system administrator to act as a path when there is no known destination for a route to follow.

Default Route

Advantages of Distance Vector Algorithm

1. Simple to understand

2. do not require much from the router’s process

3. Less expensive to implement and support

Disadvantages of Distance Vector Algorithm (Example)

1. Limited by hop count thereby making them unsuitable for large networks

2. variable length subnet masking not supported in RIPv1

3. Updated by broadcast

The sum of the costs associated with each link traversed.

Path Length

The dependability of each network link.

Reliability

The length of time required to move a packet from source to destination through the internetwork.

Delay

Available traffic capacity of a link.

Bandwidth

The degree to which a network resource is busy.

Load

Operating expense to send packets of data over a network.

Communication Cost

Advantages of Link State algorithms

1. Fast convergence

2. support for variable-length subnet masks (VLSM)

3. complete topological picture, non-reliant on neighbors for information

4. Less prone to routing loops

Disadvantages of Link State algorithms

1. High resource consumption

2. more expensive

Routing Information Protocol, or RIP, is a ___ algorithm and uses ___ for its algorithm metrics.

Distance Vector, Hop Count

Open Shortest Path First, or OSPF, is a ___ algorithm and is based on __ for its algorithm.

Link State, Dijkstra’s Shortest Path First

OSPF networks operate best when used within____ a due to their use of multi-area configurations.

Hierarchy

This area within an OSPF network is responsible for distributing routing information between areas.

Backbone

Routers utilizing OSPF use the to acquire neighbors and maintain link-state awareness.

Hello Protocol

Advantages of OSPF algorithm

1. Hierarchical routing supports very large networks

2. shortest path first algorithm allows for fast convergence

3. does not suffer from the routing loop issues

4. supports classless routing

5. smaller routing updates and, they occur when there is a topology change

Disadvantages of OSPF algorithm

1. Complex, requires a structured topology

2. requires highly trained staff to understand and configure a large OSPF

3. link state database requires considerable memory due to numerous tables

4. SPF algorithm utilizes more processing power as the size of the topology database increases.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a _______ protocol created as a Cisco proprietary protocol that later became an open standard.

Balance Hybrid

EIGRP networks combine both advantages and disadvantages from Distance Vector and Link State algorithms. What concept is utilized in OSPF networks is missing from EIGRP.

Area Concept

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is considered a _____ protocol.

Path Vector

BGP is an exterior gateway protocol and uses what for it’s metrics?

Manual input from network administrators.