Physiology Chapter 28: Development and Inheritance

Sperm and ova are similar in terms of ________.

Sperm and ova are similar in terms of ________.

chromosome number

Although the male ejaculate contains hundreds of millions of sperm, ________.

most do not reach the oocyte

As sperm first reach the oocyte, they will contact the ________.

corona radiata

Fusion of pronuclei occurs during ________.

fertilization

Sperm must first complete ________ to enable the fertilization of an oocyte.

capacitation

Cleavage produces daughter cells called ________.

blastomeres

The conceptus, upon reaching the uterus, first ________.

divides

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is destined to become the ________.

embryo

Which primary germ layer gave rise to the cells that eventually became the central nervous system?

ectoderm

What would happen if the trophoblast did not secrete hCG upon implantation of the blastocyst?

menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus

During what process does the amnion envelop the embryo?

embryonic folding

The placenta is formed from ________.

the mother’s endometrium and the embryo’s chorionic membrane

The foramen ovale causes the fetal circulatory system to bypass the ________.

lungs

What happens to the urine excreted by the fetus when the kidneys begin to function?

it adds it to the amniotic fluid

During weeks 9–12 of fetal development, ________.

bone marrow begins to assume erythrocyte production

Progesterone secreted by the placenta suppresses ________ to prevent maturation of ovarian follicles.

FSH and LH

Which of the following is a possible culprit of “morning sickness”?

decreased intestinal perstalsis

How does the decrease in progesterone at the last weeks of pregnancy help to bring on labor?

decreasing the inhibition of uterine contractibility

Which of these fetal presentations is the easiest for vaginal birth?

vertex occiput anterior

Which of these shunts exists between the right and left atria?

foramen ovale

Why is brown fat important?

it can be broken down to generate heat for thermoregulation

Constriction of umbilical blood vessels during vaginal birth ________.

elevates carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Alveoli are connected to the lactiferous sinuses by ________.

lactiferous ducts

How is colostrum most important to a newborn?

it helps boost the newborn’s immune system

Mature breast milk ________.

has more fat than cow’s milk

Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Which of the following is true?

male and female offspring have the same likelihood of inheriting the disease

In addition to codominance, the ABO blood group antigens are also an example of ________.

multiple alleles

Zoe has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

zoe must have inherited faulty alleles from both parents, both of whom are carriers