MEDS

Amanadine

• Used for Parkinson’s

• Adverse effect of the antipsychotic medication: chlorpromazine

• Treats extraoyramidal manifestations that can occur with chlorpromazine therapy

Bupropion

• Atypical antidepressant

Phenelzine

• MAOI antidepressant

Hydroxyzine

• Antihistamine

• Treat mild to moderate anxiety

Zolpidem

• Can cause dizziness and daytime drowsiness

• Can cause confusion in older adult clients

Alendronate

• Ambulate the client prior to administration. (PRIORITY)

  • Ensure they are sitting up to prevent esophagitis from occurring

  • Client sit upright for 30 min after taking medication

• Administer the med before breakfast in the morning since food can reduce the absorption of alendronate

Ergotamine

• Treats/prevents migraine headaches

• Blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors in the cranial peripheral vascular smooth muscle

  • Causes vasodilation of dilated cerebral blood vessels

• Contraindicated for clients who have anemia or malnourished/malnutrition

Acetaminophen

• Analgesic

• Used for mild to moderate pain

• Can help client with peptic ulcer disease = does not affect blood coagulation and does not increase risk of GI bleed

Aspirin

• NSAID

• Reduces platelet aggregation and increase risk of GI irritation and hemorrhaging

Naproxen

• NSAID

• Reduce platelet aggregation and increase risk of GI irritation and hemorrhaging

Ibuprofen

• NSAID

• Reduce platelet aggregation and increase risk of GI irritation and hemorrhaging

Cromolyn Sodium

• Mast cell inhibitor

• Slow onset and is given prophylactic treatments of asthma.

• NOT A RESCUE MEDICATION

• Can cause mouth and throat irritation; rinse and gargle with water after use

• Exhale completely, breathe in evenly while depressing can

Levothyroxine

• Replaces thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism

• TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4

Propylthiouracil

• Blocks thyroid production

• Second line medication for hyperthyroidism

Methimazole

• Inhibis thyroid production for a client who has a hyperthyroidism

Somatropin

• Growth hormone prescribed for a client who has a growth hormone deficiency of the anterior pituitary gland

Hypothyroidism

• Fatigue

• Cold intolerance

• Decreased body temperature

• Decreased pulse

Valproic Acid

• Treats seizures

• Can alter coagulation (monitor PTT or PT)

• Can cause lie threatening hepatotoxicity (monitor AST)

• Should have baseline liver function before starting medication

• Has no effect on kidney functions

• Test for ALT for live enzymes. It identify liver damage

Hydrochlorothiazide

• Treats hypertension

• Take in the mornings, allow for diuresis during the day and prevent nocturnal

• Take with food to reduce gastric distress

• Check weight daily to monitor for edema

• Check weight regularly

Allopurinol

• Treats gout

• GI UPSET: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

• Metallic taste is a common side effect and normal

• Drowsiness is a common side effect and normal

• FEVER is potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction! DISCONTINUE!

Sulfasalazine

• Treats ulcerative colitis (bowel inflammation and Crohn’s disease)

• Jaundice can occur and must report to provider and discontinue

• Can cause bloody diarrhea, stomatitis, headaches, and peripheral neuropathy

Prednisone

• Treat rheumatoid arthritis

• Long term use can lead to osteoporosis and stress fractures

• Risk for hypertension due to sodium fluid retention

• Risk for weight gain due to water/fluid retention

Enalapril

• Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

• Can cause hypotension, postural hypotension (during the first 3 hours of initial dosage)

• Increases potassium levels (Hyperkalemia)

Oxytocin

• Stimulates uterine contractions for clients ho are at term and to control postpartum hemorrhage

• CONTRAINDICATED for preterm labor

Nifedipine

• Tocolytic medication

• Stops preterm labor

Dinoprostone

• Oxytocic medication

  • Stimulates uterine contractions for at term pregnancies and control postpartum hemorrhaging

  • CONTRAINDICATED for preterm labor

Misoprostol

• Prostaglandin

• Used to promote ripening of the cervix and induce labor

• CONTRAINDICATED for preterm labor

Amphotericin B

• Anti-fungal medication

• MONITOR for nephrotoxicity

  • Monitor creatine every 3-4 days and increase fluid intake.

    • 3.5 mg/dL or greater

• Can cause hypokalemia, hypotension, diarrhea

Ephhinephrine

• Adrenergic agonist

• Treat anaphylaxis

• Can cause hypertension, hyperglycemia, and tachycardia (dysrhythmias).

Clopidogrel

• Antithrobolytic medication

• Inhibits platelet aggregation

• Prevents stenosis of coronary stents, MI, and strokes

• Monitor for coffee ground emesis, black tarry stools, diarrhea, ecchymosis, or any indication of bleeding

Amitriptyline

• Treats depression

• Can cause blurred vision and tachycardia

  • Monitor ECG changes

    • Older adults are at risk for cardiovascular effects.

      • Obtain baseline of clients cardiovascular status

Epoetin Alfa

• Stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow t increase RBC production and reduce anemia

• Anemia is common in clients who have chronic kidney failure

  • Erythropoiesis is produced by the kidney

• Can cause hypertension and clot formation

Gemfibrozil

• Can decrease WBC, hyperglycemia, myopathy

• Reduces triglyceride by decreasing the livers uptake of fatty acids.

• Monitor for liver toxicity!

  • Monitor liver function

Tuberculosis medications

• R – Rifampin

  • Key effect: Turns body fluids red-orange (urine, tears, sweat).

  • Biggest concern: Liver toxicity (hepatotoxic).

  • Other tip: Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives (teaches patient to use backup birth control).

  I – Isoniazid (INH)

  • Key effect: Can cause peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling, burning).

  • Prevention: Give Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent neuropathy.

  • Biggest concern: Liver toxicity (monitor AST/ALT).

  P – Pyrazinamide

  • Key effect: Increases uric acid (can cause gout attacks).

  • Biggest concern: Liver toxicity (also hepatotoxic).

  E – Ethambutol

  • Key effect: Causes optic neuritis (trouble seeing red/green, blurred vision).

  • Biggest concern: Vision changes (need baseline and regular eye exams).

  IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER

  • Rifampin = Red/orange fluids

  • Isoniazid = Nerves (give B6)

  • Pyrazinamide = Gout (uric acid)

  • Ethambutol = Eyes (vision check)

Filgrastim

• Increase neutrophil production

• Treats neutropenia

  • Reduce the risk of infection for clients who are receiving chemotherapy for cancer or who have undergone bone marrow transplant

• Can cause anemia

Chlorothiazide

• Treats hypertension and congestive heart failure

• Can cause hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia hypoactive reflexes, hypokalemia, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and dysrhythmias

• Promotes secretion of water, sodium, and potassium

Morphine

• Respiratory depression can occur in 7 mins, monitor respirations (less than 12 respirations)

• Nalaxone is the antidote

• Peaks at 20 mins

• Administer slowly in 4-5 mins to avoid hypotension and respiratory depression

Heparin

• Treat deep vein thrombosis

• Administer medication into the abdomen and subcutaneously

• Apply firm pressure to the injection site after administering

• Use a 25 gauge or smaller to decrease the risk of hemorrhage

Phenazopyridine

• Treats UTI, relieves burning sensation during urination

• Analgesic medication

• Can cause mild GI upset

• Take medication with meals

• Turn urine reddish-orange color

Ciprofloxacin

• Fluoroquionolone antibiotic

  • Destroys and inhibits bacteria

• Drink 2-3 liters of fluids

• Treats UTI

Aspirin

• contraindicated for children who have a viral infection due to the risk of developing Reye’s syndrome

  • Ex: chicken pox or influenza

Tamoxifen

• Antiestrogen medication

  • Treat cancer of breast in both pre and postmenopausal women.

  • Helps prevent breast cancer in women who are at an increased risk

Antimicrobal

• medications are used to treat infectious diseases

Androgenic

• Androgens are hormones that promote male sex characteristics

Anti-inflammatory

• administered to suppress inflammation

Gentamicin

• Antibiotic

• Can cause hypokaemia, proteinuria (monitor for oliguria and hematuria), apnea, impaired hearing

• Administered ophithalmic route can cause eye photosensitivity, redness, itching, and excess tearing

Lactulose

• Treats cirrhosis

• Laxative that promotes secretion of ammonia in a client who has hepatic encephalopathy form cirrhosis of the liver

Metoclopramide

• Administered to a client who has hyperthyroidism, hypotension, and glaucoma

• Reduces nausea and vomitting by decreasing gastric motility and promoting gastric emptying.

• Contraindicated for clients who have intestinal obstruction or perforation

• Caution for patients who have hypertension

Ceftriaxone

• Antibiotic, treats bacterial infection

• Contraindicated with piperacillin.

  • Penicillin

• Cross sensitivity, cephalosporin

Tetracycline

• Antibacterial medication

  • Can cause oral candidiasis and super-infection can develop from the overgrowth of fungus due to antibacterial effect.

    • Monitor for manifestations of soreness of the mouth and swollen tongue for super-infection

• Can cause hepatotoxicity; jaundice

How to reverse warfarin?

Vitamin K