QA #2 science

science QA #2 (stability and change, weather, LOCOM, HR diagram)

what is a phytoplankton

A producer/autotropgh in a marine ecosystem

where is all energy from

the sun

arrows in a food chain show…..

the direction of energy flow / transfer of energy

what are detrivores

Organisms that consume decomposing organic material, helping to recycle nutrients in an ecosystem.

what is abiotic

Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as water, air, and minerals.

what does it mean if an animal is indirectly affected in a food web

It means that changes in one species can affect another species not through direct interaction but through changes in the population or behavior of other organisms within the ecosystem.

higher biodiversity means what

a greater variety of species and genetic diversity within an ecosystem, which enhances resilience and stability.

what are the levels in an energy pyramid and how much energy does each level give

The levels in an energy pyramid are producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers, with each level receiving about 10% of the energy from the level below it.

what happens if there is an invasive species in an area

Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems by outcompeting native species for resources, altering habitats, and introducing diseases, which can lead to a decline in native biodiversity.

primary succession begins with….

bare rock

secondary succession begins with….

soil or debris left after disturbance

what is an example of a pioneer species

lichens or mosses

what is high pressure weather

A meteorological condition characterized by descending air, leading to clear skies and stable weather.

what is low pressure air

A meteorological condition characterized by rising air, which can lead to cloud formation and precipitation.

define front

A boundary between two differing air masses, often leading to changes in weather.

what is a warm front

warm air, high clouds, light rain followed by warmer temperatures and clear skies.

cold front

A transition zone where cold air replaces warm air, often resulting in thunderstorms, heavy rain, and a drop in temperature.

what helps distribute warm air and water around the world

Ocean currents and wind patterns

what conditions are needed for hurricanes

Warm ocean water, humidity in the atmosphere, and low wind shear.

4 grams of hydrogen react with an unknown amount of oxygen to produce 36 grams of water. How much oxygen was used?

32 grams

10.0 grams of sodium carbonate () decomposes upon heating to produce 5.6 g of sodium oxide () and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide (). Does this obey the law?

Yes, mass is conserved.

A 128.0 g sample of iron reacts with 67.3 g of oxygen gas. If 183.0 g of iron(III) oxide () is produced, how much oxygen remained (unreacted)?

15.3 grams of oxygen remained.

What is the HR diagram?

The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HR diagram) is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between their absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their stellar classifications or effective temperatures.

What does the x-axis of the HR diagram represent?

The x-axis typically represents the temperature of stars, decreasing from left to right, or the spectral class.

What does the y-axis of the HR diagram represent?

The y-axis represents the luminosity of stars, often measured in solar units (solar luminosities).

What are the main categories of stars on the HR diagram?

The main categories are main sequence stars, red giants, supergiants, and white dwarfs.

Where do most stars lie on the HR diagram?

Most stars lie along the main sequence, which runs from the upper left (hot, luminous stars) to the lower right (cool, dim stars).

What is the main sequence?

The main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appear on the HR diagram, where stars spend most of their lifetimes fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.

What is the difference between giants and supergiants on the HR diagram?

Giants are larger and more luminous than main sequence stars but less so than supergiants, which are among the most luminous stars.

What indicates that a star has reached the end of its hydrogen burning phase on the HR diagram?

A star moves away from the main sequence to the right, becoming a red giant or supergiant.

What type of stars are found in the lower left of the HR diagram?

White dwarfs are found in the lower left, which are remnants of stars that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and no longer undergo fusion.

How is the lifespan of stars correlated with their position on the HR diagram?

Generally, hotter and more luminous stars (upper left) have shorter lifespans, while cooler and less luminous stars (lower right) have longer lifespans.