DRRR 11: Hazard, Vulnerability, and Exposure

Hazard

These are potentially damaging physical events, phenomenon or human activities that may cause injury or loss of life, damage to property, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

Natural Hazard Factors

Natural processes of the earth. Sub-disaster classes include geophysics, hydrological, meteorology, climate, and alien planet class.

Geophysics Sub-Disaster Class

• Earthquake

• Plot movement

• Volcanic activity

Hydrological Sub-Disaster Class

• Flood

• Landslide

• Storm surge

Meteorology Sub-Disaster Class

• Convective storm

• Outside the tropical storm

• Extreme temperature

• Fog

Climate Sub-Disaster Class

• Tropical wind

• Drought

• Wildfire

• Ice lake flood

Alien Planet Class Sub-Disaster Class

• Planet collision

• Space weather

Environmetal Hazard Factors

Improper interaction between humans and the environment.

Environmental Degradation Sub-Disaster Class

• Soil erosion

• Deforestation

• Salinization

• Desertification

• Asian dust cloud

• Wetland reduction/degradation

• Glacier subsided/melted

Biological Hazard Factors

These are hazard factors caused by living organisms or toxic material and can affect health and safety.

Biology Sub-Disaster Class

• Infectious disease

• Epidemic/Pandemic

• Animal-related epidemic/pandemic

• Injurious insect

• Pests

• Animal event

• Pollution

Man-made Hazard

These result from human actions, negligence, or technological failures.

Technical Hazard Factors Sub-Disaster Class

• Industrial disaster

• Structure collapse

• Power failure

• Fire

• Explosion

• Mine disaster

• Warfare

• Terrorist attack

• Incendiarism

Chemical Radiation Hazard Factors Sub-Disaster Class

• Chemical leakage

• Oil Spill

• Radiation pollution

Major Traffic Accidents Sub-Disaster Class

• Aviation accident

• Railway accident

• Road accident

• Sailing accident

• Space accident

Community-based disaster history table

This can aid you in tallying historical information. This may be applied at the national, regional, municipal, and barangay levels. It entirely depends on what disasters have occured in the community and what potential hazards are in place.

Hazard and Vulnerability Map

Indicates which areas in communities are highly vulnerable (high susceptibility), moderately vulnerable (moderate susceptibility), or less vulnerable (low susceptibility) to a particular hazard or impending disaster.

Factor-based Analysis

It is a hazard characterization tool that will help you gain more knowledge about the actual hazard.

Vulnerability

It is the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.

Level of access to resources

What makes the Philippines primarily vulnerable to disasters?

Pacific Ring of Fire

The most active seismic zone on the planet.

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the northeast and southwest monsoon

This is the reason why the Philippines is primarily susceptible to rain.

Women

Often due to societal constructs, they are less socially mobile, less economically independent and prone to gender-based violence.

Children and Youth

They have varying levels of physical and psychological development and are prone to exploitation.

Older People (Senior Citizen)

They are more prone to death and injury, have complex medical needs, and lack mobility.

People with disabilities (PWDs)

They often lack mobility, speed, and sufficient sensory input, which can mean more risk of injury or death; usually left out of a disaster management plans.

Select Migrants

They often struggle to access resources and protection during disasters due to poverty, discrimination or language barriers.

Ethnic minorities and Indigenous people

They lack access to resources that are abundant in major cities.

Sexual Minorities

People who identify with the LGBTQIA+ community are exposed to discrimination and hostility within the community, as well as to specific medical needs.

Medication-dependent Individuals

They have increased vulnerability due to diseases (hereditary or developed).

Informal Settlers and Those in Poverty

Lack basic livelihood essentials and recommended habitable environment.

Homeless Individuals

Lack basic home necessities.

Incarcerated Individuals

Lack attention and opportunity from society due to their past actions.

Physical Elements

• Involve tangible factors such as people, assets, and structures.

• Exposed primarily due to their varying resistance levels to adjacent hazards.

Socio-Economic Elements

• Refer to social vulnerabilities of communities and how these contribute to their overall exposure.

• Poverty and community-based coping mechanism play key roles in deciding whether a community is exposed in terms of socio-economic aspects

Environmental Elements

Natural processes and ecosystems that are exposed to adjacent hazard events.

Physical Vulnerability

These are aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure.

Environmental Vulnerability

Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of this vulnerability.

Economic Vulnerability

• Highly dependent on economic status

• Poor are more vulnerable because they lack resources

Social Vulnerability

The inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts.

Hazard

These are potential threats that arise from either natural or man-made means.

Impact on Health and Safety

• Fatalities

• Severely injured or ill people

• Permanently displaced people

• People lacking basic needs

Economic Impact

• Disrupted transportation of goods

• Interrupted basic services

• Disrupted livelihood

• Permanently displaced people

• People lacking basic needs

Environmental Impact

• Disruption of natural processes and ecosystems

• Environmental pollution

• Loss of ecological value

Social and Political Impact

• Public outrage and anxiety/social-psychological impact

• Disruption of daily life functions

• Disruption of educational systems

• Encroachment of the territory

• Infringement of the international position

• Violation of the democratic system Impact on public order and safety

• Loss of social cohesion

Impact on Cultural Heritage

• Loss of cultural heritage and values