Chapter 29 main terms

sporopollenin

In charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called ________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

gametophyte

The ______ is haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis

diploid sporophyte

Fusion of the gametes gives rise to the _____ _____

embryophytes

Land plants are called _____ because of the dependency of the embryo on the parent

Cuticle

_____ a waxy covering of the epidermis

Vascular tissue

Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or absence of _____ _____

Stomata

______ are specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant

Bryophytes

Nonvascular plants are commonly called _____

Seedless vascular plants can be divided into 2 clades

Lycophytes and Monilophytes

3 phyla of Bryophytes

Liverworts, Mosses and Hornworts

Xylem

______ conducts most of the water and minerals and includes tube-shaped cells called tracheids

lignin

Water-conducting cells are strengthened by ______ and

provide structural support

Phloem

______ has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Roots

____ are organs that anchor vascular plants

Leaves

_____ are organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, thereby capturing more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis

Sporophylls

_____are modified leaves with sporangia

Sori

_____ are clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls

Strobili

_____ are cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

Phylum Lycophyta

Club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts

Phylum Monilophyta

Ferns, Horsetails and Whisk ferns