DC U.S History: Unit 6 Part 1 Exam

Gilded Age

1865 to 1900 is called what?

Industry

There was a massive boom in what after the Civil War?

South

Which region didn’t experience industrialization?

Factories, railroads, and mining

What were the Big 3?

Small farmers

The U.S shifted from what to big industrialization?

1800

What year was the 1st time in U.S history that there was a majority of workers working a non-farming job?

Immigration

What became a big part because industrialization offered jobs?

The Great Lakes Region

What was known as “The Heartland”

Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit

What were the 3 cities that were all impacted?

Steel, manufactured goods, and canned foods

What were big in the Industrial Economy?

Transcontinental Railroad

What was the 1st big railroad?

Central Pacific and Union Pacific

Which two railroad companies joined together in 1869 in Utah?

Government

Who had a direct connection to the railroads?

Time zones

What was created in 1883 because of the railroads?

Eastern, Central, Pacific, and Mountain

What are the 4 time zones?

5

By 1870 how many different railroads are there?

Triple

From 1860 to 1880 the amount of railroads did what?

1920

In what year will the rail lines triple again?

Telephone, Phonograph, INcadescent, Lightbulb, automobile, kodak camera, electric streetcar, airplane, record player, and motor

What significant inventions were created during the Gilded Age?

Light Bulb

What significant impact did Thomas Edison have during the Gilded Age?

Motor/Engine

What key Gilded Age invention was invented by Nikola Tesla?

Telephone

What key Gilded Age invention was created by Alexander Graham Bell?

Industrial Capitialist

The innovators, leaders of industry, filthy rich people

Industry and Factories

What was considered to make up industrial?

Capitalism

What was all about making money, the people decide without the government?

Maximize profits and Crush competition

Industry + Capitalism

Mergers and Trusts

How did capitalism people try and control their industry?

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Who was the railroad tycoon of the Gilded Age?

Shipping industry with boats

How did Vanderbilt make his fortune?

Small railroads

What did Vanderbilt acquire and then turned it big?

JP Morgan

Who was a financer?

Banking

Morgan started with railroads and then turned to what?

Andrew Carnegie

Who was the Steel Baron “Boss”?

Steel

By the 1890s Carnegie dominated what industry?

Most technological advanced

Carnegie’s 6 factories were what?

JP Morgan

Who did Carnegie sell all his factories to in 1901?

Scotland

Where did Carnegie originate from?

July 4th

What was the only day Carnegie’s workers were allowed off?

John Rockefeller

Who was in charge of the oil tycoon?

Lighting

What was oil used for?

Standard Oil

What was the name of Rockefeller’s company?

90%

What percent of the nations oil was owned by Rockefeller in 1880?

Resisted all measures of unionization

What did Rockefeller do to keep control?

Vertical integration

Controlled resources, manufacturing, and distrubution

Andrew Carnegie

Who used vertical integration?

Horizontal Integration

Only controlled manufacturing

John Rockefeller

Who used Horizontal integration?

Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie and Rockefeller felt they needed to give month back to the public

Libraries

Carnegie believed what should have been everywhere?

The Gilded Age

What was from 1865 to 1900?

Mark Twaine

Who came up with the term “The Gilded Age”?

“Shiny”

Economic growth of the Gilded Age made America look what?

Corruption

Rottenness was riddled with what?

Business

What was corrupting the government?

Poor

Who suffered because of the industrial?

Corruption and Suffering

America on the inside was filled with what?

Massive

The gap between rich and poor was what?

Horrible

The pay was what?

60 Hours

How long were work weeks?

No

Yes or No: There was medical or health protection

No

Yes or no: There could be unemployment

35,000 people

Between 1880 and 1900 how many people died every year either in a factory or mining accident?

Social Darwinism

The strong will survive and the weak will not

Charles Darwin

Who created the Social Darwinism Theory?

Society and Business

Social Darwinism applied to who?

Laissez-Faire

Government is hands off the economy and can’t help the lower class

Authors, Organizations, and “Social Gospel”

What were the 3 Gilded Age Reformers?

Authors

Who wrote books about getting rid of capitalism and changing to socialism?

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

What was a big Gilded Age Reformer organization?

Temperance

Means to get rid of Alcohol

Alcohol, Gambling, and Prostitution

What were 3 big issues during the Gilded Age?

Social Gospel

A religious movement that focused on poor urban neighborhoods to educate people on the social ills of society

Ease poverty, fight against child labor, and try to get better housing

What were the 3 goals of the Social Gospel?

West

Industrialization pushed people to go where?

Westward Expansion

What mainly happened during the Gilded Age?

Midwest and on the plains

What was considered to be the Great West?

Farming

How did people make a living in the west?

Native Born, Blacks, and Immigrants from Europe

Who were the farmers on the frontier?

Homestead Act of 1862

An attempt to get people who were loyal to the union, given 160 acres, and improve the land

5 years

How long did people have to improve the land and live on it?

Railroads

Where did more people prefer to get land from?

Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas

What made up the Middle Border?

Corn and Wheat

What were the 2 primary crops in the Middle Border?

Rattlesnakes, Blizzards and extreme cold weather, Droughts and lack of water, loneliness and isolation, dependent on borrowing money

What were some difficulties from living in the West?

Men and children

Who did the farming?

Women

Who took care of animals?

High interest rates

Banks could plant what on farmers?

Irrigation systems

Farmers looked into what when staying in the West?

Railroads

Who set the rates and transportation fees to whatever they wanted?

Banks

Who set high interest rates?

Government

Who tried to control money supply and keep money to low & didn’t control railroads?

Gold Standard

America was considered what?

Wabash v. Illinois (1886)

The federal government will control interstate commerce that goes by rail

Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)

Created reasonable shipping rates for farmers and merchants and controlled rail lines

Railroads

Almost every case the I.C.C gets sent to the Supreme Court, sided with who?

Farmers

Who is responsible for the creation of a 3rd party?

Grange Movement (Late 1860s)

Educate each other on best farming practices and organize & Unite farmers

Farmers Alliance

Had an organization in every state in the Union

South and West

The Farmers Alliance were most proactive where?