Non alkaloid hallucinogens

Wormwood

Weedy annual, Asteraceae family, native Eurasia, monoterpene thujone, recommended treat intestinal worms and gastrointestinal complaints, effective insecticide

Absinthites

mixture of wine and wormwood, described by Pliny

Purl

medicinal fortified ale, sommon britain, distilled grain alcohol and wormwood essence

Absinthe

developed switzerland, medicinal liquer with leaf extract of Artemisia absinthium (and other herbs for flavour/colour), steeping of herbal mixtures in strong alcohol (keeps volatile oils in solution), clear vibrant green liquid (from chlorophyll)

history of absinthe

french solider in Algeria added wormwood to wine (prevent fever) and liked taste, popular among weathly of europe (evoke new views), became popular in all classes lead to cheap imitation (neurotoxin) cupric acetate/antimony chloride, sugar added to help with bitter taste of terpenes in wormwood, higher incidence of neurological disorders(psychoses)/stilbirth were popular, ended up being banned

Thujone

monoterpene, fromwormwood, psychoactive neurotoxin, GABA blocker - temors/convulsion(similar to epilepsy), cause hallucination

Absinthism

thujone poisoning, dazed, convulsion, enfeebled mind, terrifying hallucination

Lindestolophe on wormwood

wrote that wormwood cause great damage to CNS

Vincent Van Gogh

dranl absinthe (addicted), exacerbated psychosis, hallucinogenic fit might have contributed to suicide

Recent absinthe

True - similar to original (green and louches), Bohemian - bluish and doesn’t louche, high in alcohol (70%), low thujone (10ppm)

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

tree, native Indonesia, seed used, nutmeg spice and mace, phenolics myristicin and elemicin

History of nutmeg

added betel, added to chewed/snuff tobacco, aphrodisiac in Yemen, nutmeg fruit known narotic fruit in India, listed as intoxicating drug in Muslim writing, stimulant in egypt, used psychoactive in New orleans (jazz), taken up by american jails

Nutmeg effects

unpleeasent, gagging and vomiting, headaches, dizziness, nausea, general giddiness, hallucination, detachment from body/limbs separation, sense of floating, deep coma like sleep. severe body aches, severe depression, lethal dose is 5x effective (dangerous)

myristcin and elemicin

phenolic, from nutmeg seed/aril around, metabolized into amphetamine like compunds, MMDA/milder MAO inhibiotr and TMA (mescaline similar)

Diviner’s Sage/Salvia (salvia divinorum)

herbaceous, Mint (lamiaceae) family, native mexico, cultigen propagated vegetatively (shoot cutting), leaves used, diterpenoids salvinorin A and B

History of Salvia

shamanistic inebriant by Mazatec (oaxaca), used with or substitute for psilocybin/morning glory, Richard shultes described growing in shaman garden, Gordon Wasson summarzed enthogenic use (drink Yerba de Maria)

Salvia consumption/effects

leaf chewing method- leaves macerated and held in mouth, hallucination in 10 min last upto 60 min, overwhelming/unpleasant, visual distortions, out of body sensations

Salvinorin A and B

diterpenoids, from salvia leaves, most potent natural hallucinogen, potent/selective kappa opioid receptor agonists, powerful psychoactive

Marijuana (cannabis sativa)

annual plant, native asia, separate male/female plants, phenolic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), 3 species/chemotypes, potene resin (sensemilla) in unfertilized female heads, leaves equally potent

History of Marijuana

1 plant domesicated,used and cultivated in east Asia, important plant fiber (ropes/clothes/cloth), seed nutritious, seed oil burned (heat/light), psychoactive drug in China (written in Fire emperor book), Ayurvedic referd as sacred grass, Assyrians as incense, Scythians in steam bath as narcotic smoke, Ancient greek/roman as fiber and medicinal, holy plant in buddhism

Cannabis and India

spiritual and mythologicla connection Hindism, holy plant, worship of Shiva, Bhang/Ganja/Charas(hashish)

Cannabis and Africa

Kif/dagga, medicament and intoxicant, religious ceremonies (Rastafarian in Jamaica)

Bhang

cheapest india cannabis, dried leaves and flower shoots, mixed milk/herbs/spices, tea like or candy/cakes, religious festivals

Ganja

india cannabis, resinous floweing top of female plants, 3x bhang potency, smoked with tobacco/datura

Charas (hashish)

most potent (4-8x bhang) india cannabis, pure brown cannabis resin, smoked pipes

Sadhu

hindu ascetics, smoke ganja/charas, clay pipes call chillums, worship shiva

Maijuanna in Canada

Emily Murphy (Janey Canuck) influenced perception, illegal but still could grow and in medicine for awhile, penalties reduced until legalized

Marijuanna in America

Harry Anslinger enforce drug laws, racist, wild unsubstantiated claims, made all illegal (even hemp), made stamp act but to apply for stamp would be incriminating, temporarily allowed hemp during WW2, schedule 1 drug

Emily Murphy (janey canuck)

femisinst, first female judge, villified drug seller and user, wrote Black candle (racists), affect perception of marijuanna(dangerous), claimed marijuanna made insane, lead to it being added to regulated substances

Harry anslinger

enforced drug laws with zeal, claimed marijuanna resulted criminal acts/debauchery/lechery/violence, racist

anandamide

cannabinoid receptor neurotransmitter, affects and modulates mood/appetie/time perception, release small amount to dopamine (broken down quickly)

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

phenolic, from marijuanna, psychoactive principle, binds cannabinoid receptors of CNS, mimicks anadamide, higher concentration and longer reward response (dopaime release), elvated mood, inhibits GABA (dopaimine limiter), increase hunger, alter blood flow to cerebellum (disrupts time perception)

Cannabidiol (CBD)

phenolic?, from marijuanna, inhibit anxiety symptoms

High THC risk

anxiety and psycoses increase, trigger schizophrenia and olter related, not enough CBD to counteract

what affect arijuanna effects

dosage, chemotype, expectation(topdown), personality, physiology

effect of marijuanna

lassitude, dream like state, euphoria, alter state of consciousness, pleasure/joy, desire to eat (munchies), flood of ideas, alter time perception, paranoia/panic attacks, loss of coordination, hallucination at high dose

marijauan risk

chronic psychosis, respiratory problems, STM impairment

marijuanna as medicine historically

ayurvedic-treat many ailments, africa - analgesic/antiseptic/appetite promoter, Greek - anti flatuent/diminish sexual potency

current medicnal marijuanna use

relive nausea/vomit from chemotherapy, treat glaucoma (not proven), alleviate pain and muscle spasm from MS/spinal injuries, orphan status for Dravet (and other epilepsy)

Marinol

synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol/dronabinol, schedule 2 drug, treat nausea/stimulate appetite