Media and Culture Unit 2

Eras of TV

-Digital Era (2009-Present)

-Post Network Era (1986-2008)

-Network Era (1958-1985)

-Birth of Broadcast TV (1941-1957)

Birth of Broadcast TV

-RCA pushed for TV’s debut as a mass medium

-Broadcast networks are key elements in TV broadcast model

Affiliate Stations

Contractual relationship between network and a local station

Multi-Cam Live

-Mode of production

-Used for time sensitive events

Ex. Sports, news, award shows

Non-Live Multi Cam

-Mode of production

-Used for late night talk shows, soap operas, TV series, game shows

Single-Cam

-Mode of production

-Standard mode for all dramas EXCEPT soap operas

Network Era

-TV dominated by the Big Three (NBC,CBS,ABC)

-Followed single sponsorship model

-Quiz show scandal caused pivot to magazine sponsorship model

Magazine-Sponsorship

-Networks manage program development

-Sell spots to various sponsors

Prime Time

-Critical evening hours when viewing is the highest

Anthology Dramas

-Plays written for TV

-Features different characters and settings each week

-Expensive to produce

Episodic Series

-Characters remain the same each week

Cultivation Theory

-Idea that TV viewing contributes to people’s perception of reality

-Creates consensus narratives and creation of mass nation

Ex. Mean world syndrome

Post-Network Era

-Cable

-Satellite

-Programming

Must-Carry Rules

-Required cable operators to include all local TV broadcasts on their systems

Who was the first to project movies?

Eadweard Muybridge

Nickelodeons

-Form of movie theatre

Studio System

-Five most powerful movie studios took control of film industry

Vertical Intergration

-Company’s ability to control production, distribution, and exhibition of the movie business

Big Five

-Fully vertically integrated studios during studio system era

Paramount, MGM, Warner Bros, Twentieth Century Fox, RKO

Talkies

-Film mixed with musical numbers and brief dialogue

Star System

-Exploiting/cultivating allure of certain actors/actresses

Continuity Editing

-Producing/combining shots so that viewers experience flow of action

-Consists of 180 degree rule, establishing shot, shot/reverse shot sequence

Fall of the Studio System

-Had alleged anti-government and communist ties

-Money spent on consumer products instead of movie tickets

Paramount Decree

-Forced studios to divest themselves of their theaters in 1948

Post Studio System

-Studios focus on film financing and distribution rather than production

Auteurs

-Directors with distinctive cinematic style

Movies Today

-New Big Five (Disney, Warner Brothers, Universal, Sony, Paramount)

Synergy

-Utilization of cross-media to achieve greater profit

Tentpoles

-Big budget film expected to perform well

-Designed to create profit via merchandise

Ghost Newspapers

-Contains little local news and mostly features content from other news sources

News Deserts

-Communities without a local news source

Who created the first newspaper?

Johann Carlous

Magazine

-Collection of articles, stories and advertisements

What was the first magazine?

La Gazette

What are the general types of newspapers?

-Political

-Commercial

What machine gave rise to the development of newspapers?

The printing press

Wire Services

-Allowed fast transmission of stories over telegraphs

-Publishers able to print on the same day

Yellow Journalism

-Era where papers carried exciting stories, crime news, and large headlines

Muckracking

-Style of newspaper that pressed for social reforms

-Done so by holding long-term investigations on certain companies, then reporting them

Investigative Journalism

-News reporters that seek to expose corruption

Pass-Along Readership

-Total number of people that come across a single copy of a magazine

Interpretive Journalism

-Explains key issues/events in a broader context

Alternative Press

-Challenges mainstream political policies and values

Feature Syndicates

-Contract with newspapers to provide work from the nation’s best journalists