Force
a push or a pull
mass:
Amount of matter in an object, a measure if inertia
Gravitational force:
the force of attraction between 2 or more masses at some distance, weakest
Electromagnetic force:
force of attraction/repulsion between opposite/like charges/poles at some distance. mid strength
Strong nuclear force:
force that binds the nucleus, strongest
Weak nuclear force:
force that governs radioactive decay
radioactive decay:
when an unstable nucleus emits particles or light to gain stability
Grand unified theory:
the search for one force
Proof of Grand unified theory:
Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism
Gravitational lensing
Gravitational lensing
curved space which is believed to cause gravity appears to bend light
law of inertia:
first newtons law, an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion in a straight line will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force.
law of impulse:
second newtons law, the sum of the forces acting on an object equals its mass times its acceleration
conservation of momentum:
third newtons law, every action has an equal or opposite reaction
normal force:
a reaction force due to contact with a surface
friction
force that opposes motion
coefficient of friction:
an experimentally derived constant that explains the interaction between 2 surfaces
2 types of coefficient of friction
static & kinetic. Static is always greater than kinetic.
Tension:
pull of a rope
Spring force:
recoil of a spring
free body diagram:
an axis system with forces drawn (usually to scale) on it
Power
the work done in a given time
Kinetic energy:
energy of motion
Potential energy:
energy at rest, stored energy, or energy of position
Light:
a transverse, non mechanical electromagnetic wave/ particle created by
Electron energy level transitions
Nuclear energy level transitions
Fission
Fusion
The breaking of chemical bonds
Conservation of energy:
energy is neither created nor destroyed, it just changes form
Mechanical energy:
useable energy (kinetic and potential)
Momentum:
a physical quantity that depends on an objects mass and velocity
Impulse:
a change in momentum
Conservation of momentum:
momentum is conserved in the absence of external forces (newtons third law)
Elastic collision:
when 2 or more objects collide and bounce off
Inelastic collision:
when 2 or more objects collide and stay together
Explosion:
when one object becomes many
Angle:
a coordinate of position in a circular motion
Revolution:
when one object circles the other
Rotation:
when an object spins about an axis
Angular velocity:
a change in angle in a given time
Angular acceleration:
a charge in angular velocity in a given time
Moment of inertia:
the angular equivalent of mass
Tangential acceleration:
a change in velocity (usually magnitude) along a straight line
Centripetal acceleration:
a change in a velocity's direction as an object moves around a circle
Centripetal force:
a general name given to any force or summation of forces that cause an object to move in a circle
Center of mass:
point where all the mass in a system is averaged to
Center of gravity:
point where the force of gravity acting on all points in a system is averaged to
Torque:
the angular equivalent of force
Equilibrium:
a condition where the sum of the forces and the sum of the torques acting on an object equals 0
Inertia
an object's resistance to changes in motion
Weight
an object's resistance to changes in motion
work
the application of a force along a displacement
Heat
Total random kinetic energy of all the particles in an object, Infrared radiation, A change in the internal energy of the system
universal law of gravitation
Equation for the force of gravity that works any place