Newton's Laws of Motion Flashcards

Flashcards related to forces and motion.

What underpins the movements of the body and sporting equipment?

Newton's laws of motion.

What is Kinematics?

The study of motion, specifically the change in position of a body or object.

Name types of motion

Linear, Curvilinear, Angular, and General (Linear and Angular combined motion).

Define Vector.

A measurement that has both size and direction.

Define Scalar.

A measurement that only has size.

What is linear displacement?

How far and in which direction the end position is from the start position, a vector quantity.

What is distance?

The size of linear displacement, a scalar quantity

What is linear velocity?

A change in displacement divided by the time taken for the change to take place, a vector quantity.

What is speed?

The size of linear velocity; it is a scalar quantity.

What is linear acceleration?

A change in velocity divided by the time taken for the change to take place; it is a vector quantity.

What is angular kinematics?

The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects that rotate or spin around an axis.

What is angular displacement?

The difference between start and end positions when a body moves around an axis with angular motion. It is a vector quantity.

What is angular velocity?

The change of angular displacement divided by the time taken; it is a vector quantity.

What is angular acceleration?

The change of angular velocity divided by the time taken for the change to take place; it is a vector.

Define instantaneous velocity and acceleration.

Velocity and acceleration measured over a very short period of time.

Define average velocity and acceleration.

Velocity and acceleration calculated over a longer period of time.

What is kinetics?

Kinetics looks at the forces involved in the movement of an object or body.

What is force?

The mechanical interaction that goes on between two objects or bodies, which changes or tries to change the motion of the objects.

What is mass?

The amount of material in a body or object, usually measured in kilograms (kg).

What is weight?

The effect of the force of gravity on mass.

State Newton's First Law of Motion

An object will remain at rest or continue with constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force. (law of inertia)

State Newton's Second Law of Motion

The acceleration (for a body/object of constant mass) is proportional to, and in the same direction as, the unbalanced force applied to it. (law of acceleration)

State Newton's Third Law of Motion

When one body or object applies a force to another, the second body or object will apply a force equal in size but opposite in direction to the first body or object. (law of reaction)

List 4 factors that affect the stability of an object.

The height of the center of mass relative to the supporting surface, the size of the base of support, the position of the line of gravity relative to the base of support, and the mass.

What is linear momentum?

The property an object has due to its movement, calculated by the mass of the object multiplied by its velocity.

What is linear impulse?

Force multiplied by the time that the force acts for.

What is torque?

If a force is applied to an object that is free to rotate around an axis, as long as the force is applied so that it does not act through the axis (center of rotation), it will create a torque (sometimes called the moment of the force).

What is moment of inertia?

How difficult it is for a body or object to rotate about an axis.

What is angular momentum?

A measure of the amount of (or potential for) rotation, generated by the torque resulting from the application of an eccentric force to an object that is free to rotate around an axis.

Define the conservation of angular momentum.

A rotating body will continue to turn about its axis with constant angular momentum unless an external unbalanced torque (moment) is applied to it.