IB Bio topic 6

What is natural selection?

Animals with good traits survive and pass them to their babies.

How does natural selection happen in finches?

Finches with big beaks survived droughts and had babies with big beaks.

How does antibiotic resistance happen?

Some bacteria survive antibiotics and pass on their strong genes.

What is evolution?

How species slowly change over time.

How do fossils prove evolution?

Fossils show how animals and plants changed over time.

What is speciation?

When one species changes so much it becomes two.

Why do species change over time?

They change because of new places, survival, and natural selection.

What is taxonomy?

How scientists group and name living things.

What are the three domains of life?

Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota.

How do scientists classify animals?

By body parts like backbones, tentacles, or segments.

What are vertebrates?

Animals with backbones, like fish, birds, and mammals.

What is a homologous structure?

A body part that looks the same in different animals because they share an ancestor.

How does sexual reproduction help evolution?

It mixes genes to make new traits that help survival.

Compare artificial to natural selection

Artificial selection - Humans choose traits.

Natural selection - Traits help survival, like fast animals escaping predators.

Compare the pentadactyl limbs pictured here

Dolphins - Flipper-like limb, adapted for swimming, bones fused for strength in water.

Monkeys - Hand-like limb, adapted for climbing, bones flexible for gripping.

Explain selection pressure and give two examples

Selection pressure affects survival and reproduction. Examples are gazelles escaping hunters and plants needing deep roots in dry areas.

Compare divergent and convergent evolution

Divergent - One species splits into different ones.

Convergent - Different species develop similar traits due to the environment.

Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to genetic variation

Genes mix from two parents, making unique offspring through crossing over and random fertilization.

Outline the development of beak differences in these finches

Finches’ beaks changed to fit different foods, helping them survive and pass on their traits.

How many lakes are in Minnesota?

11,842