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Flashcards covering prosocial behavior, empathy, and decision-making concepts discussed in the lecture notes.
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Prosocial Behavior
Actions intended to benefit others and produce positive social outcomes, potentially driven by personal rewards or relief from guilt.
Altruism
A subset of prosocial behavior involving helping others without expectation of reward and sometimes at a personal cost.
Empathy
A process where perceiving another's emotional state evokes a similar state in the observer, aligned with the other's situation.
Sympathy
Concern for another's well-being without necessarily sharing their emotional state.
Emotional Contagion
Automatic mirroring of another's emotional state.
Mirror Neurons
Neurons in the premotor area that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action.
Anterior Insula (AI) and Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)
Brain regions activated when experiencing pain and when observing a loved one in pain, mediating empathy for pain.
Social Modulation of Pain in Mice
Mice show higher pain sensitivity when exposed to cagemates in pain compared to strangers, indicating empathy.
Pro-Social Behavior in Rats
Rats learn to intentionally free cagemates from a restrainer, suggesting biological roots of empathetic helping behavior.
Emotional Contagion
The rapid spread of emotion from one individual to others.
Observational Fear Learning
Mice develop freezing behavior by observing other mice receive foot shocks; impaired by inactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)
Area in the brain that, when inactivated, impaired observational fear learning.
Social transmission of Fear in Rats
Experiment indicated there is no current evidence of social transmission of fear in rats
Worker vs. Parasites
Involved rats individually learning to press a bar at one end to receive a small pellet of food at the other end then they are all put into a small room together.
Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Emergence of Worker-Parasite Relationship
Stable worker parasite relationship when 3 individually operant-conditioned rats were placed in a skinner box.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)
Helps make socially-driven interactions and decision-making processes.
Conflict monitoring
Detecting conflicts in information processing
Cost-benefit analysis
Animal studies and schedule of reinforcement
Social cognition
Tracking motivation of others