Prosocial Behavior and Decision Making

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Flashcards covering prosocial behavior, empathy, and decision-making concepts discussed in the lecture notes.

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19 Terms

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Prosocial Behavior

Actions intended to benefit others and produce positive social outcomes, potentially driven by personal rewards or relief from guilt.

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Altruism

A subset of prosocial behavior involving helping others without expectation of reward and sometimes at a personal cost.

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Empathy

A process where perceiving another's emotional state evokes a similar state in the observer, aligned with the other's situation.

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Sympathy

Concern for another's well-being without necessarily sharing their emotional state.

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Emotional Contagion

Automatic mirroring of another's emotional state.

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Mirror Neurons

Neurons in the premotor area that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action.

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Anterior Insula (AI) and Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

Brain regions activated when experiencing pain and when observing a loved one in pain, mediating empathy for pain.

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Social Modulation of Pain in Mice

Mice show higher pain sensitivity when exposed to cagemates in pain compared to strangers, indicating empathy.

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Pro-Social Behavior in Rats

Rats learn to intentionally free cagemates from a restrainer, suggesting biological roots of empathetic helping behavior.

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Emotional Contagion

The rapid spread of emotion from one individual to others.

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Observational Fear Learning

Mice develop freezing behavior by observing other mice receive foot shocks; impaired by inactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

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Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

Area in the brain that, when inactivated, impaired observational fear learning.

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Social transmission of Fear in Rats

Experiment indicated there is no current evidence of social transmission of fear in rats

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Worker vs. Parasites

Involved rats individually learning to press a bar at one end to receive a small pellet of food at the other end then they are all put into a small room together.

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Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Emergence of Worker-Parasite Relationship

Stable worker parasite relationship when 3 individually operant-conditioned rats were placed in a skinner box.

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Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

Helps make socially-driven interactions and decision-making processes.

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Conflict monitoring

Detecting conflicts in information processing

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Cost-benefit analysis

Animal studies and schedule of reinforcement

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Social cognition

Tracking motivation of others