Invertebrates

Asymetrical

no body symmetry, some sponges

Radial Symmetry

body parts arranged in a circle, Cnidaria (jelly fish, hydra)

Bilateral Summetry

body a-ranged into a right and left half, most animals

Germ layer

unspecialized embryonic tissue that gives rise to adult structures

Ectoderm

skin and nervous system

Mesoderm

muscles, cartilage, and bone

Endoderm

epithelium, membrane like tissue lining the digestive tract

What are the basic types of body plans exhibited by animals?

sac and tube within a tube

Sac body plan

sponges, cnidarians

Tube within a tube body plan

tubular digestive tract

Acoelomate

no coelom, no body cavity

flatworm

Pseudocoelomate

incomplete mesodermal lining

roundworms

Eucoelomate

true body cavity lined coelom,

annelids

Protostomes

Mouth first then anus

All invertebrate except echinoderms

Deuterostomes

Anus first then mouth

Echinoderms and Chordates

Show the stages of animal development in order from fertilization to the embryo

Zygote- union of egg and sperm, fertilized egg

Morula-solid ball of cells

Blastula-hollow ball of cells

Gastrula-infolding of the blatula walls, begins the formation of the embryo tube within a tube body plan

Embryo-developing young

Zygote

fertilized egg

Morula

solid ball of cells

Blastula

hallow ball of cells

Gastrula

Infolding of the blatula walls begins the formation of the embryo tube within a tube body plane

Embryo

developing young

What is the difference between an invertebrate animal and vertebrate animal?

no vertebrae

have vertebrae

What does Phylum Porifera mean?

sponges, pore bearing

What level of organization are sponges at?

most primitive phylum of animals

What is the most primitive phylum of animals living today?

sponges

How do sponges feed?

filter feeders

What is a choanocyte?

collar cells, flagellated protozoa

Osculum

is exit for water carrying waste and CO2

Sponge pores

entrance for water carrying food and O2

What enters the pores and what exits the osculum?

water carrying food

What are examples of animals in phylum Cnidaria?

Hydra, Obelia, Sea Anemone, Corals, Jellyfish

What type of symmetry do they exhibit?

asymmetric

What is the unique characteristic of cnidarians?

nematocysts

Hermaphrodite

Individual produces both egg and sperm

What is a barrier reef and what forms it?

follows coastline and forms a lagoon between land and open ocean.

One generation builds upon previous dead coral.

What is the largest barrier reef and what are some organisms unique to it?

Great Barrier Reef

Giant clam, great white shark, sea snakes, and box jellyfish

What development in animals occurred first in cnidaria?

Radial symmetry

What does Platyhelminthes mean?

flatworms

What is the only non-parasitic or free living worm in this phylum?

planaria

What is an intermediate host? A primary host? In the life cycle of a parasite.

Intermediate host: an organism that supports the non-reproductive and immature forms of the parasite.

Primary: an organism in which the parasites spawn

Scolex

head of an adult tapeworm; can contain suckers or hooks

Proglottids

One of the segments of a tapeworm, containing both male and female reproductive organs

How does man become infected with tapeworms?

Eating rare infected beef

How does man become infected with liver flukes?

eating rare infected fish

Ascaris worm

Large white worms which grow in the intestines of man, feed on digested food.

How does man become infected with Ascaris roundworms?

Man swallows eggs that are on contaminated fingers.

Hookworms

Cause rashes on the bottom of feet, feed on blood and produce severe anemia

How does man become infected with hookworms?

enter through skin of feet from walking barefoot

Pin worms

Collect around anus, air born when disturbed, common in schools and child care centers.

How does man become infected with pin worms? Where is the most common place pin worms are passed around?

air born eggs, childcare facilities

Wuchereria

parasite that causes Elephantiasis

What is elephantiasis? How does man pick up this worm?

Wuchereria, worms circulate to the lymph nodes, clog them, and cause immense swelling that forms disfigurements. Saliva of mosquitoes.

What very dangerous worm can man pick up from rare pork?

Trichenella

What is the second largest phylum of animals? The largest?

Mollusca, Arthropoda

List and describe the 3 parts to the body of the mollusk?

Foot, mantle, visceral mass

List and describe the 3 parts to the body of mollusk?

Foot- aids in movement

Mantle- surrounds internal tissue, secretes the shell or pen

Visceral mass- the body organs

What kind of mollusk produces a coiled shell? (exception, chambered nautilis).

Snail

What is nacre? How is a pearl formed?

Mother of pearl, secreted by the mantle and smoothes the interior of the shell

What is the ink used for in squid and octopi?

for camouflage

What are the suckers used for in the squid and octopus?

for capture of prey

What is metamerism and what does it improve?

segmented bodies, improves locomotion

How do earthworms breathe?

breathe by diffusion through moist skin

How do earthworms benefit plants?

loosens the soil and aids in percolation of water to the roots of plants

What are earthworm castings?

pills of soil eliminated from the digestive tract

What does the phylum name Arthropoda mean? Is it the largest phylum of animals on earth?

"Jointed legs"

The largest on earth

What is the exoskeleton made of? What is the disadvantage of an exoskeleton?

chitin

outgrow skeleton

Molting

shed the exoskeleton when it is too small

What is the only land crustacean?

pill bugs