topic 2

why were the northern earls unhappy?

• many were still catholic

• they had lost power under Elizabeth

• some had lost land

when was the revolt of the northern earls and who was involved?

• 1869

• duke of norfolk, earl of westmorland, earl of northumberland

what was the plan for the revolt of the northern earls?

the duke of norfolk would marry mary, queen of scots, and they would overthrow elizabeth to bring back catholicism.

What were the events of the revolt of the northern earls?

• they marched to duhram cathedral to celebrate a catholic mass

• elizabeth discovered the plot and moved mary to coventry

• they were defeated by a large royal army

what happened to the plotters in the revolt of the northern earls?

• the earl of northumberland fled to scotland, but was captured, sent back to england and executed.

• the earl of westmorland fled to europe where he died due to poverty.

when were the three main plots?

• ridolfi 1571

• throckmorton 1583

• babington 1586

what was the ridolfi plot?

a plan to marry the duke of norfolk to mary, queen of scots, assassinate elizabeth and put mary on the throne. it was supported by the pope.

what were the consequences of the ridolfi plot?

• duke of norfolk was executed

• mary wasn’t punished

what was the throckmorton plot?

a plan to assassinate elizabeth and replace her with mary. it was also supported by the pope.

how did the throckmorton plot end?

it was discovered by francis walsingham who had put throckmorton under surveillance for several months.

what was the babington plot?

a plan to assassinate elizabeth and replace her with mary.

how did the babington plot end?

francis walsingham used his spy network to see every stage of the plot until he had enough evidence that mary was involved to go to elizabeth. mary queen of scots was then executed in 1587.

how did the pope respond to mary’s execution?

he excommunicated elizabeth in 1570.

what did spain control?

the netherlands since 1400

when was the dutch revolt?

1566

what was the council of troubles and how did elizabeth feel about it?

a court established by the Duke of Alba in the Spanish Netherlands to punish Dutch Protestant rebels, this angered elizabeth as she was protestant and now saw spain as hostile.

when was the council of troubles

1567 - 1574

how did elizabeth respond to the council of troubles?

• allowed dutch rebels (sea beggars) safe passage in english ports

• english privateers like francis drake were encouraged to attack spanish ships in the new world

what and when was the spanish fury?

• 1576

• spanish troops who had gone unpaid looted antwerp

what and when was the pacification of ghent

• 1576

• an alliance between dutch protestants and catholics to expell spanish troops from the netherlands

what and when was the treaty of jonville?

• 1584

• united Catholic France and Spain against the Netherlands and England

what and when was the treaty of nonsuch?

• 1585

• an agreement between england and the netherlands, elizabeth sent 7,400 troops

what did robert dudely do in 1586 to anger phillip II?

named himself the 'Governor General of the Netherlands'

what and when was the ‘Singeing of the King of Spain's Beard’

• 1587

• Francis Drake attacked spanish ships in Cadiz and delayed the spanish armada by a year

when was the spanish armada?

1588

who won the spanish armada?

england

why did england defeat the spanish armada?

• spain’s commander was inexperienced

• england had more ships that were better

• england used fireships

• spain didn’t prepare properly

• spain had bad communication between land and sea