Material Properties

density

mass per unit volume

price

cost of material per unit price

stiffness

a measure of materials resistance to elastic deformation

strength

is the materials ability to resist the external application of forces without breaking or yielding

ductility

a measure of the strain required to cause fracture

toughness

a measure of the amount of energy per unit volume that the material can absorb before fracture

fracture toughness

the resistance of materials to propagation of crack and fracture

hardness

the resistance of a material to indentation, scratching, and wear

Tm

melting temperature

Tg, glass transition temperature

temperature where the material starts to change from rubbery to glass

DBTT

ductile to brittle transition temperature, metal goes from ductile to brittle

Tmin

temperature determined by material and brittle point, or material change point

Tmax

temperature where creep takes dramatic effect

heat capacity

the energy to heat 1 kg of material by 1 degree C

thermal conductivity

rate at which heat is flow through a material at steady state

diffusivity

how fast a material changes temperature and how long it takes to reach equilibrium

thermal shock resistance

the max temp difference through which a material can be quenched suddenly without damage

thermal expansion coefficient

the amount by which a unit length of the material will expand when the temperature rises one degree

resistivity

property that describes a materials ability carry current independent of geometrical factors.

electrical conductivity

reciprocal of the resistivity

dielectric material

when placed in an electric field becomes polarized and is used in capacitors to store energy

dielectric loss

the dissipation of energy as heat through the movement of charges in an alternating electric field

durability

ability of of a material to function in hostile environments such as corrosive fluids, radiation, hot gases, etc.

PERMEABILITY

the capability of a material to let fluids through.

FLAMMABILITY

a materials ability to ignite and combust. Ceramics and glasses do not burn. Polymers are inherently flammable

toxcicity

the property of materials to cause negative effects on living organisms