Vitamins

Vitamin A

It is also known as retinol and B-carotene

Provides visual pigments in the retina

What is the function of Vitamin A?

Vitamin D

It is also known as Calciferol

Enhances intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and maintains calcium balance

What is the function of Vitamin D?

Vitamin E

Tocopherol is commonly known as a major form of which vitamin?

Vitamin K

Also known as Phylloquinone; coenzyme in formation of y-carboxyglutamate in enzymes of blood clotting and bone matrix.

Vitamin B1

Also known as Thiamin; coenzyme in pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases and transketolase

• Regulates Cl- channel in nerve conduction

Vitamin B2

Also known as Riboflavin; coenzyme in oxidation and reduction reactions (FAD and FMN)

Niacin

Also known as Nicotinic acid / Nicotinamide; functional part of NAD and NADP

Vitamin B6

Also known as Pyridoxine; coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase.

Vitamin B9

It is also known as Folic acid.

Vitamin B12

Also known as Cobalamin

Vitamin B5

Also known as Pantothenic acid; an essential water-soluble nutrient crucial for synthesizing coenzyme A (CoA), which breaks down fatty acids, carbohydrates, and proteins for energy

Vitamin H

Also known as Biotin; coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis.

Vitamin C

Also known as Ascorbic acid; coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

• Night blindness

• Xerophthalmia

• Skin keratinization

Deficiency of Vitamin A leads to:

• Rickets

• Osteomalacia

Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to:

• Serious neurologic dysfunction

Deficiency of Vitamin E leads to:

• Impaired blood clotting

• Hemorrhagic disease

Deficiency of Vitamin K leads to:

• Peripheral nerve damage (beriberi)

• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Deficiency of Vitamin B1 leads to:

• Mouth, lip tongue lesions

• Seborrheic dermatitis

Deficiency of Vitamin B2 leads to:

Pellagra

Deficiency of Niacin leads to:

• Disorders of amino acid metabolism

• Convulsions

Deficiency of Vitamin B6 leads to:

Megaloblastic anemia

Deficiency of Vitamin B9 leads to:

Pernicious anemia

Deficiency of Vitamin B12 leads to:

• Nutritional melalgia (burning foot syndrome)

Deficiency of Vitamin B5 leads to:

• Impaired fat and carbohydrate metabolism

• Dermatitis

Deficiency of Vitamin H leads to:

Scurvy

Deficiency of Vitamin C leads to: