Marbury v. Madison (1803) Established judicial review; midnight judges; John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Es

Due Process Clause (14th Amendment)

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Selective Incorporation

The process by which the Due Process Clause applies the Bill of Rights to the states.

Free Exercise Clause (1st Amendment)

All people have the right to practice their religion freely.

Executive Branch

The branch of government headed by the President, outlining powers, election processes, and checks.

Article IV

Outlines duties states have to each other and the federal government, including state equality and new state admission.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Each state must respect the public acts, judicial proceedings, and records of other states.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states.

Supremacy Clause

The Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land.

Vesting Clause

States that executive power is vested in the President of the United States.

Advice and Consent Clause

The President must seek the Senate's advice and consent for federal judge appointments and treaties.

Commerce Clause

Congress can regulate commerce with foreign nations and among states.

Due Process Clause (5th Amendment)

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment)

States must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against individuals or groups.

Establishment Clause (1st Amendment)

Congress cannot establish a national religion.

Legislative Branch (Article I)

Establishes the structure, requirements, and powers of the legislative branch.

Judicial Power (Article III)

Regulates judicial power to one supreme court and allows interpretation of laws and treaties.

Amendment Process (Article V)

Requires a 2/3 majority in both the Senate and House and 3/4 of states to pass amendments.

Ratification (Article VII)

Nine votes are needed to ratify the Constitution.

Necessary and Proper/Elastic Clause

Congress has the power to make laws necessary to execute its enumerated powers.