Anatomy Module 5: Appendicular Muscles and Actions

Skeletal Muscle 

What type of muscle is this?

Cardiac Muscle

What type of muscle is this?

Smooth Muscle 

What type of muscle is this?

Circular 

This type of fascicle orientation makes sphincters, surrounds external body openings, and close then they contract.

Orbicularis oris and Obcularis oculi

Name 2 of muscles that are circular?

Convergent

This type of fascicle orientation has a broad origin and narrow insertion.

Pec major, latissimus dorsi, & glute medius

What are some examples of convergent muscles?

Parallel

This type of fascicle orientation run parallel to long axis of muscle, they are tapered at both ends, and have high endurance but not very strong

Sartorius, Sternocleidomastoid, brachioradialis, and flexor digitorium superficialis  

Give examples of parallel muscles

Pennate

This fascicle orientation has short fascicles, attach obliquely to tendons or raphe, stronger than parallel muscle, and have 3 different kinds 

Unipennate, Bipennate, and multipennate

What are the different types of pennate muscles?

Extensor digitorum longus

What is an example of a unipennate muscle?

Rectus femoris

What is an example of a bipennate muscle?

Deltoid

What is an example of a multipennate muscle?

Aponeurosis

What is the structure attached to latissimus dorsi?

Acute Compartment Syndrome

Accident/injury can lead to tissue loss (muscle or limb) due to loss of blood supply. 

Chronic Compartment Syndrome

This is caused by overuse… resting until it heals is the best course.

Trapezius 

What muscle is this? 

Elevates, retracts, depresses, and rotates the scapula.

What are the actions of this muscle?

C1-T12 vertebrae, scapular spine, & clavicle

What are the attachment points of this muscle?

Rhomboid minor 

What is the superior muscle that is highlighted in green. 

Rhomboid major 

What is the inferior muscle highlighted in green?

Elevate and retract the scapula

What are the actions of these muscles?

The vertebrae & medial boarder of the scapula. Located deep to the trapezius.

What are the attachments of the rhomboid major & minor?

Serratus anterior 

What muscle is this?

Protracts and rotates the scapula, holds the scapula flat against the ribcage.

What are the actions of this muscle?

Scapula & anterior ribs

What are the attachments of the serratus anterior?

Pec major 

What muscle is this?

Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the arm. 

What are the actions of this muscle?

Sternum, clavicle, ribs, & humerus

What are the attachments of the pec major?

Latissimus dorsi 

What muscle is this?

Adduct, extend, and medially rotate arm

What are the actions of the lats?

Teres major

What muscle is this?

Lower back and humerus

What are the attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

Adduct, extend, and medially rotate the arm

What are the actions of the teres major?

Scapula and humerus

What are the attachments of the teres major?

Deltoid

What muscle is this?

Abducts, flexes, extends arm, medial and lateral rotation of arm

What are the actions of the deltoid?

Scapula, clavicle, and humerus

What are the attachments of the deltoid?

Supraspinatus 

What is the superior muscle is the rotator cuff?

Initiates abduction of the arm (15 degrees)

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa and humeral tuberosities

What are the attachments of the supraspinatus?

Infraspinatus  

What muscle is inferior to the supraspinatus?

Laterally rotates the arm

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa and humeral tuberosities

What are the attachments of the infraspinatus?

Teres minor 

The is the muscle just inferior to the infraspinatus?

Laterally rotates the arm

What is the action of the teres minor?

Infraspinous fossa and humeral tuberosities

What are the attachments of the teres minor?

Subscapularis 

What muscle is this?

Medially rotates the arm

What is the action of the subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa and humeral tuberosities

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

Supraspinatus

What muscle is usually injured on a rotator cuff injury?

Biceps brachii

What is the highlighted muscle?

Flexion of the arm and flexes and supinates the forearm

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

Scapula and radial tuberosity

What are the attachments of the biceps brachii?

Coracobrachialis

What is the superior muscle that is highlighted?

Flexes and adducts the arm

What are the actions of the cracobrachialis?

Scapula and humerus 

What are the attachments of the coracobrachialis?

Brachialis

What is the highlighted inferior muscle?

Flexes forearm

What is the action of the brachialis?

Humerus and ulna

What are the attachments of the brachialis?

Triceps brachii

What is the highlighted muscle?

Extends forearm and arm

What are the actions of the triceps brachii?

Scapula and ulna

What are the attachments of the triceps (long head)

Humerus and ulna

What are the attachments of the triceps (medial and lateral heads)

Brachioradialis  

What is the muscle that the arrow is pointing to?

Flex forearm 

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

Posterior humerus and radius

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis?

Flexor muscles

What muscles are located on the anterior side of the forearm?

Flexes wrist and digits

What are the actions of the flexor muscles in the forearm?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and forearm, wrist, and digits

What are the attachments of the flexor muscles in the forearm?

Extensor muscles

What muscles are located on the posterior side of the forearm?

Extends the wrist and digits

What are the actions of the extensor muscles of the forearm?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and forearm, wrist and digits

What are the attachments of the extensor muscles of the forearm?

Thenar group 

What is the group of muscle that is at the base of the thumb?

Hypothenar group

What is the group of muscle that is at the base of digit 5?

Moves thumb and opposes to digits

What is the action of the thenar muscle group?

Moves digit 5 and opposes to thumb

What is the action of the hypothenar muscle group?

Interossei

What are these muscles?

Adducts and adducts digits

What are the actions of the interossei muscles?

Iliopsoas

What muscle is this?

Psoas major and iliacus 

What 2 muscles make up the iliopsoas?

Femur and ilium

What are the attachments of the iliopsoas?

Thigh and trunk flexion (bowing)

What are the actions of the iliopsoas?

Glute max

What muscle is this?

Extension of thigh and lateral rotation of thigh

What are the actions of the glute max

Ilium, sacrum, and femur 

What are the attachments of the glute max?

Glute medius 

What muscle is this?

Glute minimus 

What muscle is this?

Ilium and femur

What are the attachments of the glute medius & minimus?

Abduction of thigh and stabilization of trunk

What are the actions of the glute medius and minimus?

Tensor fascia lata 

What muscle is this?

Ilium and iliotibial band

What are the attachments of the tensor fascia lata?

flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies IT band

What are the actions of the tensor fascia lata?

Iliotibial band

What is the name of the connective tissue in this image?

Stabilizes thigh and trunk during walking and running

What are the actions of the iliotibial band?

Rectus femoris 

What muscle is this?

Sartorius 

What muscle is this?

Vastus lateralis

What muscle is this?

Vastus medialis

What muscle is this?