A&P QUIZ 3 STUDY GUIDE

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the A&P Quiz 3 Study Guide, including terms related to the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and regions of the cortex.

Cerebrum Cortex

Superficial layer of gray matter (1.5-4.5mm) of the cerebrum.

Gray Matter

The superficial layer of the cerebrum cortex.

Conscious Thought

A major function of the cerebrum cortex.

Memory Storage/Processing

A major function of the cerebrum cortex.

Sensory Processing (Cerebrum)

A major function of the cerebrum cortex.

Skeletal Muscle Control (Cerebrum)

A major function of the cerebrum cortex, enabling voluntary movement.

Left Hemisphere

One of the two divisions of the cerebrum.

Right Hemisphere

One of the two two divisions of the cerebrum.

Basal Nuclei

Subconscious control center for skeletal muscle, coordinating learned movement patterns.

Learned Movement Patterns

Coordinated by the basal nuclei, providing general rhythm/pattern.

Diencephalon

A brain region containing the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus

Major relay station for almost all ascending sensory information projected to the cerebral cortex.

Lateral Geniculate Body

A part of the thalamus that receives visual information from the optic tract.

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

A part of the thalamus that relays auditory information from inner ear receptors.

Hypothalamus

Controls emotion, fear, awareness, autonomic function, and hormone production.

Autonomic Function (Hypothalamus)

A function of the hypothalamus involved in regulating involuntary body processes.

Hormone Production (Hypothalamus)

A function of the hypothalamus.

Fight or Flight Response

Mediated by the hypothalamus, involving the production of epinephrine.

Brainstem

Region comprising the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, involved in many vital functions.

Midbrain

Processes visual and auditory information, controls reflexes, maintains consciousness, and directs subconscious motor patterns.

Superior Colliculus

Part of the midbrain that receives visual input and controls reflex movements of eyes, head, and neck.

Inferior Colliculus

Part of the midbrain that receives auditory input and controls reflex movements of head, neck, and trunk.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A conditioned area in the midbrain where stimulation increases alertness and attentiveness, primarily stimulated by light.

Pons

Contains tracts and relay centers, involved in somatic and visceral motor control, and regulates vital autonomic functions.

Medulla Oblongata

Relays autonomic sensory signals, regulates many autonomic functions, and controls sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

Cerebellum

Fine-tunes skeletal motor commands and vestibular info for balance and movement coordination; an automatic processing center.

Purkinje Cells

Highly branched dendritic cells in the cerebellum that relay motor commands.

Ataxia

A condition resulting from cerebellum or basal nuclei damage/impairment, affecting movement coordination or causing uncontrolled movements.

Frontal Lobe

Region of the cerebral cortex responsible for primary motor control, premotor coordination, and prefrontal intellectual functions.

Primary Motor Cortex

Located in the frontal lobe; controls voluntary movements by controlling motor neurons.

Premotor Cortex

Somatic motor association area in the frontal lobe; coordinates learned movements.

Prefrontal Lobe

Part of the frontal lobe used for intellectual functions.

Parietal Lobe

Region of the cerebral cortex containing the primary somatosensory area and somatosensory association area.

Primary Somatosensory Area

In the parietal lobe; receives sensory information from receptors for touch, pain, pressure, vibration, and temperature.

Somatosensory Association Area

In the parietal lobe; monitors activity in the primary cortex and recognizes different sensations.

Occipital Lobe

Region of the cerebral cortex dedicated to processing visual information.

Primary Vision Area

In the occipital lobe; receives visual information from the lateral geniculate bodies.

Visual Association Areas

In the occipital lobe; monitors activity and patterns in the visual cortex and interprets the information.

Temporal Lobe

Region of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing auditory information and its interpretation.

Primary Auditory Area

In the temporal lobe; monitors auditory information.

Auditory Association Area

In the temporal lobe; interprets activity in the auditory cortex and recognizes different sounds.

Broca’s Area

Motor speech area, primarily in the left cerebral hemisphere, responsible for speech production, breathing, and vocalization patterns.

Wernicke's Area

Area primarily in the left cerebral hemisphere for language comprehension, reading, and coordinating access to visual and auditory memories.

Gustatory Cortex

Located in the insula; receives information from taste receptors.

Insula

A deep cortical region where the gustatory cortex is found.

Visceral Reflexes (Brainstem)

A primary function of the brainstem, managing vital functions like blood pressure and breathing.

Relay Center (Thalamus)

A non-cortical function of the thalamus, acting as a switchboard for incoming information by sending it to correct areas.

Balance & Movement Coordination (Cerebellum)

A non-cortical function of the cerebellum, involving fine-tuning motor commands and vestibular information for postural adjustment.

Basic Cues (Basal Nuclei)

A non-cortical function of basal nuclei, providing a general rhythm or pattern to coordinate learned movement patterns like crawling, walking, or running.

Somatic Motor Control (Pons)

A function of the pons involved in regulating movements of skeletal muscles.