Digestive System Medications

What are the indications for antacids?

• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

• peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

• occasional indigestion

What are the adverse drug reactions to antacids?

• constipation

• diarrhea

What are some commonly used antacid drugs?

• aluminum hydroxide/ magnesium hydroxide (Maalox)

• Calcium carbonate (Tums)

• Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

What are the indications for anti-diarrheal agents?

• diarrhea

What is an adverse drug reaction to anti-diarrhea agents?

• constipation

What are some common anti-diarrhea drugs?

• Bismuth subslicylate (Pepto Bismol)

• Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

• Loperamide (Imodium)

What are the indications for an anti-gas agent?

• flatulence

• gas pain

What are some adverse drug reactions of anti-gas agents?

• nausea

• vomiting

• diarrhea

What are some commonly used anti-gas agents?

• activated charcoal (CharcoCaps)

• Simethicone (Gax-X)

What are the indications for anti-inflammatory drugs for GI tract? (5-aminosalicylates)

• ulcerative colitis

• Crohn’s disease

What are the adverse drug reactions for 5-aminosalicylates?

• muscle or joint pain/stiffness

• nausea

• vomiting

What are some commonly used 5-aminosalicylates?

• Balsalazide (Colazal)

• Mesalamine (Apriso, Canasa, etc.)

• Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

What are the indications for anti-nausea agents?

• nausea

• vomiting

• motion sickness

What are the adverse side effects for anti-nausea agents?

• drowsiness

• diarrhea

What are some commonly used anti-nausea agent drugs?

• aprepiant (Emend)

• Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

• Meclizine (Antivert)

• Metoclopramide (Reglan)

• Ondansetron (Zofran)

• Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

• Promethazine (Phenergan)

• Scopolamine (Transdermal Scop)

What are the indications for digestive enzymes?

• digestive intolerances due to enzyme insufficiencies

What are the adverse side effects to digestive enzymes?

• hyper/hypoglycemia

• abdominal pain

What are some commonly used digestive enzyme meds?

• Lactase (Lactaid)- lactose digestive enzyme

• Pancrelipase (Creon)- pancreatic digestive enzyme

What are the indications for H2 receptor antagonists?

• GERD

• PUD

What are the adverse drug reactions for H2 receptor antagonists?

• constipation

• dizziness

What are some commonly used H2 receptor antagonist drugs?

• Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)

• Ranitidine (Zantac— removed from market in April 2020)

• Famotidine (Pepcid)

What is the indication for laxative agents?

• constipation

What are the adverse side effects to laxative agents?

• nausea

• vomiting

• diarrhea

What are some commonly used laxative agents?

• Biacodyl (Dulcolax)

• Docusate sodium (Colace)

• Lactulose (Enulose)

• Polythylene glycol (Miralax)

• Psyllium (Metamucil)

• Sennosides (Senokot)

What are the indications for mucosal protectants?

• PUD caused by NSAIDS (treated with misoprostol)

• maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers (treat with sucralfate)

What are the adverse drug reactions for mucosal protectants?

• headache

What are some commonly used mucosal protectants?

• Misoprostol (Cytotec)

• Sucralfate (Carafate)

What are the indications for proton pump inhibitors?

• GERD

• erosive esophagitis

• an adjunct treatment for H. pylori

What are the adverse drug reactions for proton pump inhibitors?

• abdominal pain

• constipation

• diarrhea

What are some commonly used proton pump inhibitors?

-prazole suffix

• dexlansoprazole (dexilant)

• esomeprazole (nexium)

• lansoprazole (prevacid)

• omeprazole (prilosec)

• pantoprazole (protonix)

• rabeprazole (aciphex)

What is hyoscyamine (Levsin) used for?

anticholinergic/antispasmodic drug

What is Linaclotide (Linzess) used for?

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation

What is Lubiprostone (Amitiza) used for?

chronic constipation

What is Nalozegol (Movantik) used for?

opoid-induced constipation?

What is Plecanatide (Trulance) used for?

IBS with constipation

What is Ursodiol (Actigall) used for?

gallstone solubilizing agent