AP Human Geo Unit 4 Study Guide

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a

A) custom.

A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

C) habit.

Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by a number of different societies. They are also an example of

B) popular culture

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary

B) from time to time at a given place.

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and

B) heterogeneous groups.

By analyzing the distribution of folk culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that

C) several elements of folk culture may have multiple, unknown origins.

Typically, popular culture

C) experiences frequent changes through time and space.

Folk cultures are spread primarily by

C) relocation diffusion.

Before reaching other parts of ________ and, eventually, marginalized urban areas throughout the country, Hip hop music originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx.

D) New York City

In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in

A) more developed countries.

Based on what you have read about globalization, you could surmise that the main effect of modern communications on social customs has been to

C) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.

As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from

C) familiar events in daily life.

We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture

B) depends on modern communication systems.

The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by

A) being less responsive to the diversity of local environments.

Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to

A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters.

An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is

D) Vietnamese songs.

Like hip hop music, music from the border region between the southwestern United States and northern Mexico might be expected to

C) incorporate local, national, and global themes as it demonstrates an interplay between globalization and localism.

We can surmise from the discussion of other sports in this chapter that the current distribution of bowling is another example of

A) a folk custom becoming part of a popular culture.

The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the

A) diffusion of popular culture.

A particular preference for a new clothing style is more likely than a folk custom to

B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.

The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by

D) occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere.

Terror refers to

E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

D) taboo.

A taboo against pork is a characteristic of

A) Judaism and Islam.

Which aspect of the local environment is the least important for wine production?

E) proximity to cities

Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because

D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making.

China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because

A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks

A) vary according to what is produced locally.

In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low?

D) Utah

The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as

D) neo-eclectic.

Examining elements of folk and popular culture like house styles is particularly well suited to the geographic method of

C) field work.

Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials

A) are strongly influenced by local resources.

Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier pattern of television, except that

B) diffusion is much faster.

The trend of globalization has threatened

D) folk culture more than popular culture.

Given recent trends in communications, in the next five years the number of television programs viewed over the Internet might be expected to

E) increase dramatically.

The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of one element of

A) folk culture.

Marriage dowries in India reflect

A) that some families value male children more.

People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because of

C) a strong desire to preserve unique customs.

Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a higher level of

E) All of these answers are correct.

As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to

C) gain more opportunities outside the home.

A lingua franca is

B) a language understood by people who have different native languages.

The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how

A) recently in time the languages were once the same.

A group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history is a

C) language family.

Basque is a good example of a(n)

E) isolated language.

Franglais is

D) the use of English in the French language.

The two largest language families in the world are

B) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European.

When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the trunks of the trees represent

C) language families.

The language family encompassing the languages of the People's Republic of China is

D) Sino-Tibetan.

The diagrams in this chapter show that the percentage of Sino-Tibetan speakers in the world is less than the percentage speaking ________ languages.

B) Indo-European

Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the development of the English language, because they

B) invaded England.

The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day

B) Denmark.

Which of the following is not a Romance language?

A) Bulgarian

The most widely spoken language in Brazil is

C) Portuguese.

The most widely spoken language in Argentina is

C) Spanish.

The four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European include all but

B) Celtic.

The two most important languages in South America are

D) Portuguese and Spanish.

Russian is part of what language branch?

A) Balto-Slavic

Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of the ________ Hypothesis.

D) Sedentary Farmer

English is part of which language branch?

A) Germanic

English is part of which language family?

C) West Germanic

Which group of the Germanic family is extinct?

C) East Germanic

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the Germanic invaders of England included which groups or tribes?

E) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons

Analyzing the maps and diagrams in this chapter, we can see that the branch of Indo-European that includes Ukrainian is

B) Balto-Slavic.

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Romanian is

B) Romance.

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Haitian Creole is

B) Romance.

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Rangpuri is

B) Indo-Iranian.

Analysis of the maps and diagrams in this chapter shows that the branch of Indo-European that includes Kurdish is

B) Indo-Iranian.

Analysis of the maps and diagrams in this chapter shows that the Dutch language is from the branch of Indo-European known as

B) Germanic.

According to the diagrams in this chapter, Turkmen is part of what language branch?

A) Altaic

The maps and diagrams in this chapter show that an Indo-European language is chiefly spoken in which of these countries?

A) Bulgaria

A literary tradition is

D) the written form of a language.

An isogloss is

C) a boundary between language regions.

Marija Gimbutas has contributed to the ________ Hypothesis

C) Nomadic Warrior

When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the roots of the trees below the surface represent

E) possible prehistoric superfamilies.

The survival of any language relies on

C) the political and military strength of its speakers.

In the following answer choices, the best example of a literary tradition is

D) the historical documents and religious texts of the ancient Maya that were partly destroyed by Spanish conquerors.

British and American English differ in all but which of the following?

A) alphabet

Gumbo and jazz are terms that originated in the English dialects of

B) African Americans.

Immigrants to which American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds in the 1700s and 1800s

A) Middle Atlantic

A form of a language spoken in a local area is a

A) dialect.

A creolized language is

B) a mix of indigenous and colonial languages.

A pidgin language

A) has no native speakers.

The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of

C) Iceland's relative isolation from other places.

The language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world is

D) Mandarin.

Hebrew is an example of

C) a revived language.

Official languages in Switzerland include all but which of the following?

B) Flemish

The English language is a "second" or "third" language in many regions where it is used as a(n)

E) lingua franca

English is the most important language in North America primarily because of

A) the diffusion of English colonies.

Australia and New Zealand's language policies differ today in that Australia

A) emphasizes the English language while New Zealand

Which statement best describes the use of English on the Internet?

A) English has become less dominant but is still the leading Internet language.#

What is the definition of a nation-state?

A nation-state is a political entity characterized by a defined territory, permanent population, and a government, where the people share a common identity, culture, or language.

What does territoriality refer to in human geography?

Territoriality refers to the strategies by which individuals or groups attempt to control or influence people, phenomena, and relationships by asserting control over a specific geographic area.

What is the difference between a nation and a state?

A nation is a group of people with a common cultural identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a governing body.

What is the definition of sovereignty?

Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself or another state without external interference.

What is the significance of supranational organizations?

Supranational organizations, such as the European Union, facilitate cooperation and integration among member states to address collective issues beyond individual state governance.

What is ethnonationalism?

Ethnonationalism is a form of nationalism where the nation is defined by a shared ethnicity, culture, or language, often leading to the desire for a sovereign state.

How does devolution impact political organization?

Devolution is the transfer of power from a central government to regional or local governments, leading to increased local autonomy and sometimes the rise of autonomous regions.

What is the concept of Balkanization?

Balkanization refers to the process where a larger state breaks down into smaller, often hostile units based on ethnic or cultural divisions.

What are boundary disputes?

Boundary disputes occur when two or more parties disagree on the location or ownership of a boundary, which can lead to conflict.

What is the role of globalization in cultural diffusion?

Globalization accelerates the spread of cultural practices and ideas across borders, leading to greater cultural interconnectivity and often to the emergence of a global culture.