brit lit study set #1

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who were the four Germanic tribes that came to England?

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who were the four Germanic tribes that came to England?

Angles, Saxon, Jutes, and Frisians

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how did Christianity come to England?

the Roman invaders

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who were the two invaders in the middle ages?

romans and the vikings

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what are the three eras of the middle ages?

Anglo Saxon Era, High Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages

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What happened in the Anglo Saxon Era?

Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Scandinavian, they came to England because people were marauding in their areas, and they had mercenaries around.

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what were the two invasions that the Anglo Saxon period was dominated by?

German invasions and Viking invasions.

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Explain the German invasion

King Arthur was British and he won a great battle against the Saxons around 500 at Mt. Badon. Eventually 7 kingdoms emerged, fighting for power.

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Explain the Viking invasions

They always attacked suddenly and brutally, the Angles and Saxons banded together to fight against the Vikings and became Anglo - Saxons. Alfred The Great eventually defeated the Vikings and created the Treaty of Wedmore. Eventually, Alfred died and his descendants were weak rulers.

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What cultural changes did the Vikings make?

They adapted a version of English, they upheld laws and customs, brought sense of national unity, and developed a political system and a common perspective on the world.

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name one important thing King Alfred did?

He cared a lot about education and God, so his people started to learn how to read and write in a better way.

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What happened in the High Middle Ages?

A king died and he had no descendants, so two possible people stepped up to try and become king. A. Duke William (Normandy) vs Nobleman Harold (Anglo - Saxon). Harold was elected, but William murdered him with his army at The Battle of Hastings.

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what type of social system was created during this era?

The feudal system. King -> Clergy -> Knights and Nobles -> Peasants and Serfs

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what is the Manor?

it was the basic unit of feudal economy; an estate was ruled by nobles that produced goods for income

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What happened with Henry the second?

he married the queen of France, and he owned more land in France than the King of France. He gave England Church Law/ Canon Law

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what is church law?

it was a trial by jury that meant commoners had the right to royal court and not the feudal court; basically, it gave right to commoners and other people in the feudal system

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What else did King Henry the second make?

he made the house of commons

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what social improvements were made during the middle ages?

There were more trades and towns that were created. There were new ideas that were found due to the Crusades; medicine, math, and classical studies. Universities were expanding and people that were trained in the liberal arts could become priests, lawyers, or doctors. Also, art and architecture got better.

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What happened in the Late Middle Ages?

The Bubonic plague killed a lot of people, the church was found to be corrupt, so people gave up on it, the hundred years war happened and the middle ages basically ended.

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comitatus

relationship of respect between a leader and a follower who supported each other in battle

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what is an epic?

An epic is a story that has a broad setting, with gifted heroes that are unusually strong. There are fantastical elements, with a hint of biblical/ tribal ideas that tend to clash in the story. It also starts in the middle of the action.

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What is an example of a modern epic?

harry potter, star wars, lord of the rings (not the new one, the one in the early 2000's)

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kenning

conventional metaphoric name for something, used especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry (whale road for sea) (house cleaner for roomba)

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symbol

a sign that has significance in a story (green in the green knight, or Beowulf's sword breaking against the dragon)

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romance

poetic narrative that focused on courtly love and chivalry rather than heroism.

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wyrd

fate; basically everything happens for a reason and you have no control of it

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homeric epithet

repeated adjectives that relate to a god that describe a character

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variation

changing the pattern of a rhyme for emphasis

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legend

a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

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