The Age of Revolutions

Flashcards focusing on key vocabulary and concepts related to the Age of Revolutions and the Enlightenment.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Social Contract

A theory by Rousseau that addresses the origins of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.

Women in the Enlightenment

The exclusion of women from Enlightenment debates, as highlighted by thinkers like Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges.

Liberty, Property, Security

Key ideals in the philosophy of governance, especially in the context of the French Revolution.

Polygenism

The belief that different races have different origins, suggesting a hierarchical view of human races.

Monogenism

The belief that all humans share a common ancestry, often leading to discussions of racial equality.

American Revolution

A colonial revolt (1775-1783) against British rule that resulted in independence for the thirteen American colonies.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A fundamental document of the French Revolution that outlines individual and collective rights.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection by self-liberated slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.

Maroons

Runaway slaves who formed their own communities in the mountains, often resisting recapture.

Olympe de Gouges

A French playwright and political activist known for her advocacy for women's rights, author of 'The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Citizen'.

Mary Wollstonecraft

An English writer and philosopher, known for her work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', arguing for women's education and rights.

Guerilla tactics

Irregular warfare methods used by smaller groups to outmaneuver larger, conventional forces.

Constitution of Haiti (1801)

A document that abolished slavery in Haiti and established equality among all men regardless of skin color.

Resistance to Oppression

A fundamental right emphasized in revolutionary documents as essential for individual freedom.

French Revolution

A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799 that led to the end of monarchy and rise of republicanism.

Republican Calendar

A calendar established during the French Revolution that replaced religious observances with secular ones.

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

The motto of the French Republic representing the ideals of the revolution.

Drastic socio-economic changes during revolutions

Revolutions often brought about significant changes in social hierarchies and economic systems.

The Role of the Republic of Letters

A network of intellectuals and correspondences that spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe and America.

Second Atlantic Revolutions

The interconnected movements for independence and equality across various nations in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.