IB History HL Quiz 2 (Answer w/ Term)

Frederica Morelli

Historian who holds a revisionist view of caudillos, challenges traditional portrayal of them as power hungry tyrants. Believes caudillos contributed to political liberalism and republican institutions.

Wanderley Pinho

Historian who highlights the political and social influence of Countess de Barral, a hostess who ran a political group known as a salon. Her salon was notable for mantaining space for discussion, frequetly visited by liberals and conservatives.

Jose Ramos Mejia

Historian who argues that caudillos were not simply crude despots, rather many were uncorrupt such as Rosas who lived modestly

Tulio Halperin Donghi

Historian who believes that caudillos were essential in nation-building. Rosas is an example of this as he empowered the rural peonage through the bourgeoise revolution.

Richard Grahams

Author of “Independence in Latin America”, believes that the impact of European colonialism created anarchy, regionalism, the rise of the caudillo, and the exploitation of the poor.

Glen Dealy

Historian who believes that although European government standards influenced emerging Latin American governments, their influence shouldn’t be overstated.

Richard Morse

Historian who believes that post-independent Latin America shows similarities to Renaissance Italy in the way they were fragmented and in the style of leadership (strongman, charismatic caudillo vs similar princes).

Juan Manuel De Rosas

Tyrannical leader in Argentina who refused to build republican institutions, but was known for empowering rural peonage.

Rafael Carrera

Caudillo in Guatemala who reestablished many powers of the Church previously removed, signing a concordat with the Vatican in 1852.

Bernardo O'Higgins

A forceful leader who strengthened the police, rigged elections, and attacked the Church. His rule was short-lived as his policies angered privileged social groups.

Bernardino Rivadavia

A liberal caudillo in Buenos Aires who attacked the church, and wanted to create meritocracy. His rule, however, was not liked by the lower class and only lasted a few years.

Valentin Gomez Farias

A caudillo in Mexico who wanted to impose Enlightenment values such as abolishing monopolies and tithes, however was overthrown by a coup by devout Christians.

Santa Anna

The caudillo who ruled Mexico through the Mexican-American war and Texas Revolution

Simon Bolivar

“El Libertador”, the guy who led military campaigns that contrivuted to the independence of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

Gran Colombia

Simon Bolivar’s vision of a unified South America

San Martin

An Argentine general and leader whose campaigns helped free Argentina, Chile, and Peru

San Martin

_____ disagreed with Bolivar on unification of South America

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian revolution who lead the slave revolt into a successful fight for independence

Agustín de Iturbide

Mexican military leader who played a pivotal role in Mexican independence, but his rule over Mexico was unstable and short-lived

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Brought Haiti through independence and became its first leader who pushed for land redistribution but also was authoritarian and violent

Mexico

Maximillian ruled which country?

Articles of Confederation

Document that failed to address division of power and left the federal government too weak

Federalist

Is belief in a strong central government federalist or anti-federalist?

Anti Federalist

Is belief in a bill of rights federalist or anti-federalist?

Jefferson

Who lead the Anti federalist party?

Virginia Caucus

Which caucus proposed bicameral legislature?

Virginia Caucus

Which caucus wanted population-based government representation?

New Jersey Caucus

Which caucus proposed unicameral legislature?

New Jersey Caucus

Which caucus proposed equal government representation per state?

3/5ths Compromise

A compromise used to determine how to count slaves in terms of determining government representation

Federalist Papers

a document written by Hamilton and Madison in New York used to spread federalist ideas

Neocolonialism

The use of economic, political, or cultural pressure as a means of exploitation of and control over another country

Dom Pedro

founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, initially prince of Portugal, who created a fairly conservative constitutional monarchy

Mercantilism

An economic system that maximizes trade exports and minimizes trade imports

Localized Government

National Identity

A newfound identity for people of various Latin American countries post-independence

Separation of Church and State, abolishment of tithes, reducing overall power

Examples of how liberalism threatened church power

Parlimentary Terms

Abundant exports of raw materials and agriculture especially (livestock and wheat). Free trade policies.

Why Argentina Joined global economy over other countries

Economic collapse due to no replacement for the wealth produced from slavery prior to independence.

Describe Haiti’s economy post-independence:

Shay’s Rebellion

Series of protests by farmers due to hard-hitting taxes post American revolution across 6 months

Tupac Amaradu

Claimed descent from the royal Incan family. Demanded that the government end the brutal system of forced Indian labor. His revolt, although crushed, influenced future abolition.

Diego Portales

A Chilean caudillo who was genuinely concerned with progress, instilling entrepreneurship and stability in Chile