2.5 - Proteins

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What are proteins broken down into?

amino acids

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins?

protease

Where is protease produced?

pancreas, stomach, small intestine

Where does this enzyme act on the proteins?

small intestine and stomach

Can excess proteins be stored in the body?

no

Where are excess amino acids carried to?

the liver

What happens to the excess amino acids in the liver?

they undergo a process called deamination

What does the process of deamination produce?

ammonia

What is problematic about ammonia?

it is highly toxic

What is the ammonia converted into?

urea

Why is ammonia converted into urea?

because ammonia is too toxic

Is urea good for the body?

no but its better than ammonia

What happens to urea?

the urea is carried from the liver to the kidneys via the blood where it is excreted out of the body safely as part of urine

What happens to all the blood in your body?

it passes through and is filtered by the kidney

What passes out of the blood and through the filter into the kidney?

glucose, mineral ions, urea and water

Why don’t blood cells and large proteins pass through the filter?

they are too big to pass through the filter so remain in the blood

What happens to blood cells and large proteins regarding the production of urine?

they remain in the blood

What else are selectively reabsorbed back into the blood?

useful substances

What are useful substances in the body?

glucose, some water and mineral ions

How does glucose move back into the blood?

active transport or diffusion

How much of things that are filtered out of the blood into the kidneys are then reabsorbed back into the blood?

99%

What are the substances remaining in the kidney filtrate?

urea and water

What does urea and water form?

urine

Whaere is urine stored?

bladder

How is urine removed from the body?

excretion