5-CH17-Murillo_Geovanny

absorption

The act of taking up a substance into a tissue, such as the movement of nutrients from the small intestines into the bloodstream.

accessory organs

Organs attached to the alimentary canal, including the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.

alimentary canal

A long, hollow tube that is made up of digestive organs and runs from the mouth to the anus.

amino acids

Substances in proteins that provide the building blocks for the body to repair and make new cells.

bile

Substance that helps mix fat with digestive enzymes so that it breaks down in the intestines.

bladder

a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine

blastocyst

a fl uid-fi lled cavity that develops in a morula

calories

the units used to measure energy gained from digestion

cervix

the narrow neck at the bottom of the uterus that connects to the vagina

chyme

a mixture of food and acid

digestion

term for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body

embryo

the developing human from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception

epididymis

the structure where sperm mature

esophagus

the digestive tube that runs from the throat to the stomach

estrogen

a hormone that is responsible for the development of female characteristics during puberty

excertion

the removal of waste products from the body

fallopian tubes

tubes that carry the ovum to the uterus

fertilization

a process that occurs when the chromosomes of the ovum and sperm unite to produce a zygote

fetus

a developing human from eight weeks after conception to birth

filtration

the process of separating substances, such as solid from liquid, large from small, or impure from pure

gallbladder

the organ that stores bile and delivers it to the duodenum when needed

gametes

reproductive cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes and unite during fertilization; sperm in males and ova in females

gonads

the primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females

heredity

the passing of traits (such as eye color, height, and some diseases) from parent or ancestor to offspring through chromosomes

ingestion

the stage of digestion in which food is taken into the body through the mouth

kidneys

organs that fi lter, concentrate, and remove waste from the blood to form urine

liver

the organ that breaks down and removes toxic substances, drugs, bacteria, and dead red blood cells from the body

meiosis

the sexual process of cell division that produces four new haploid cells, each with a unique combination of 23 chromosomes

menopause

term for the end of fertility and monthly menstruation, which usually begins around 50 years of age

mitosis

the asexual process of cellular reproduction that creates two identical copies of a cell, each with a full set of 46 chromosomes

morula

a solid ball of 16 cells that results when a zygote divides

nephron

the fundamental excretory unit of each kidney

nutrients

molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals used by the body to grow and maintain body processes

ova

the female gametes, also known as eggs

ovaries

the female gonads

pancreas

the organ that produces enzymes to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

penis

the male reproductive organ, which delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract

peristalsis

muscle contractions

placenta

an organ that grows in the uterus to meet the nutritional needs of the embryo and fetus

progesterone

a hormone that prepares the uterine lining for an egg to implant

reabsorption

the act of returning a substance to the part of the body from which it was previously filtered out

rectum

a short segment whose lower end comprises the anal canal

salivary glands

glands in the mouth that secrete saliva

scrotum

a sac that holds the testes on the outside of the body

secretion

the release of a liquid substance from blood, cells, or tissues

semen

a thick, milky white fl uid that supports sperm on their way to the uterus

sperm

male gametes

stomach

a reservoir in which food is broken down before it enters the small intestine

testes

the male sex organs

testosterone

a hormone that is responsible for development of male characteristics during puberty

ureter

a tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder

urethra

a thin tube that leads from the bladder to outside of the body

uterus

a hollow, muscular organ whose purpose is to receive and nourish a fertilized egg

vas deferens

a duct through which sperm leave a testicle; also called the ductus deferen

villi

fi nger-like projections in the intestines that increase their surface area

zygote

the genetically unique cell that results from fertilization and contains 46 chromosomes