spinal column and related structures

longus capitis - action/function

unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate to the same side

bilaterally: flexion of the head and neck

longus colli - action/function

unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate to the same side

bilaterally: flexion of the head and neck

rectus capitis anterior - action/function

bilaterally: flexion of the head and neck; stabilization of AO joint

rectus capitis lateralis - action/function

bilaterally: flexion of the head and neck; stabilization of the AO joint

suprahyoids - action/function

(geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid)

flexion of head and neck; aids in swallowing

diagastric - action/function

depression of the mandible (with hyoid bone fixed); elevation of hyoid bone (with mandible fixed); retraction of the mandible

infrahyoid - action/function

(sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid)

depress the hyoid bone and thyrohyoid cartilage

external oblique - action/ function

(obliquus externus abdominis)

unilateral: laterally flex to the SAME side and rotate the spine to the opposite side

bilateral: flexion of the thoracic and lumbar spine

external oblique - origin

external surface of 5th - 12th ribs

external oblique - insertion

anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis (fascia)

internal oblique - action/function

(obliquus internus abdominis)

unilateral: laterally flex to same side and rotate the spine to the opposite side

bi: flexion of the thoracic and lumbar spine

internal oblique - origin

inguinal ligament, crest of ilium, and thoracolumbar fascia

internal oblique - insertion

internal surface of lower three ribs (10-12) and abdominal aponeurosis

rectus abdominis - action/function

uni: laterally flex the spine

bi: flexion of the thoracic and lumbar spine

rectus abdominis - origin

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

rectus abdominis - insertion

cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

transverse abdominis - action/function

uni: trunk rotation to the same side

bi: stabilize the trunk

transverse abdominis - origin

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

transverse abdominis - insertion

abdominal aponeurosis

splenius capitis

uni: laterally flex head and nec; rotate to the same side

bi: extension and hyperextension of head and neck

splenius cervicis

uni: laterally flex head and neck; rotate to the same side

bi: extension and hyperextension of head and neck

levator scapulae action/function

uni: laterally flex the neck

bi: extension and hyperextension of the head and neck

levator scapulae origin

transverse processes of c1-c4

levator scapulae insertion

medial border of scapula

suboccipital group

(rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, oblique capitis superior, oblique capitis inferior)

uni: laterally flex the head, rotate head to the same side

bi: extension of hyperextension of the head

erector spinae

uni: lateral flexion of the same side

bi: extension of head and spine

erector spinae origin

thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes T11-L5

erector spinae insertion

posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of all thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and the mastoid process

deep posterior spinal muscles

(multifidus and rotators)

uni: rotation of the spine to the opposite side; assists in lateral flexion

bi: extension of the spine

semispinalis thoracis

uni: lateral flexion and rotates spine to opposite side

bi: extension and hyperextension of thoracic and cervical spine

semispinalis cervicis

uni: lateral flexion and rotates spine to opposite side

bi: extension and hyperextension of thoracic and cervical spine

semispinalis capitis

uni: lateral flexion and rotates spine to opposite side

bi: extension and hyperextension of thoracic and cervical spine

scalenus

(anterior, medius, posterior)

uni: lateral flexion of neck, rotate head and neck to the opposite side

bi: extension and hyperextension of thoracic and cervical spine

scalenus origin

anterior: transverse processes of C3-C6

middle: transverse processes of C2-C7

posterior: transverse processes of C6-C7

scalenus insertion

anterior and middle: 1st rib

posterior: 2nd rib

sternocleidomastoid

uni: lateral flexion of head and neck

bi: flexion of head and neck

sternocleidomastoid origin

sternal head: top of manubrium

clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavical

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process and nuchal line of occiput

quadratus lumborum

uni: lateral flexion of lumbar spine

bi: flexion of head and neck

quadratus lumborum origin

posterior iliac crest

quadratus lumborum insertion

rib 12 and transverse processes of L1-L4

psoas

(major and minor)

uni: lateral flexion of lumbar spine

bi: stabilize the spine

psoas origin

bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1-L5

psoas insertion

lesser trochanter of femur