AP HUG UNIT 3 REVIEW VOCAB

Material Culture

objects that people and/or society give value to connect to physical things often and stuff you can buy where or use

Non-material culture

Consist of the ideas and/or beliefs and individual in society has example weddings, graduation milestones funerals having babies connect to share practices, ideas or beliefs

Culture

Consist of attitude, technology practices, beliefs, behavior, architecture, food

Sub culture

A smaller group within a larger culture

identity

Ethnicity, religion, language, sexual orientation, age, nationality, gender, socioeconomic status

modern/pop culture

Found in MDC’s diffuses by hierarchical diffusion, more diverse

folk culture

More homogeneous diffusers through relocation, diffusion and religion play a major role

Indigenous culture

Part of folk culture or originated at a geographic location and are so practicing their beliefs today

Ethnocentrism

The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by the standards of one’s own culture

Xenophobia

Fear or hatred for foreigners or strangers, essentially a dislike or distrust of people from different cultures or backgrounds

Cultural relativism

The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by its own standards

Hinduism

Ethnic religion India, no single founder believes are karma and dharma and reincarnation sacred text are Vedas, caste system

Judaism

ethnic religion, Middle East monotheistic founder is Abraham sacred text Torah

Buddhism

Universalizing India founder Siddhartha

Christianity

Universalizing Middle East monotheistic founder is Jesus Christ sacred text is the Bible

Islam

Universalizing Middle East monotheistic, founder muhammad, scared text, qur’an

Hispanic

hispania, the roman name for the iberian peninsula connected to spanish language and culture

Latino

Latin America, people from countries in the Americas that were influenced by romance languages, especially Spanish and Portuguese

Chicano

He turned years by some Mexican Americans to express pride in their Mexican heritage in the US

Afro Latino

A person who was both African and from Latin America, culture or heritage

Mestizo

A person of mixed European (usually spanish) and an indigenous American ancestry

latinx

A gender neutral term for people Latin American heritage used instead of Latino or Latino

Land use

A term used to describe how land has been changed or modified to be used for a specific purpose or task

Cultural landscape

Different economic, social political factors languages architecture make up the cultural landscape (how have people left their mark on a geographic area)

Sequence occupants

How cultures overtime have impacted a geographic location throughout history how have people left their mark on a geographic area overtime?

Traditional architecture

Uses nearby resources and have a distinct look that is tied to their culture

Modern architecture

Focuses on use rather than looks

Post a modern architecture

Create a unique look that incorporates cultural styles into the architecture of the nearby culture

place making

the way people modify the landscape in order to live in a particular location

sense of place

The act of filling a geographical location at any scale is meaning and significance

Dialect

A regionally distinct way of speaking a language

Sacred space

A place where a person connects with their religion and practices their faith

Ethnicity

A common cultural background that creates a sense of belonging among people

Centripetal forces

Bring people together

centrifugal forces

Factors that drive people apart

diffusion

The spread of a cultural element item group of people, disease or phenomenon from one place to another

Hearth

The location in which an ideal cultural belief for item or originated

Relocation diffusion

happens when a culture or group of people physically move from one place to another migration..

Expansion diffusion

The addition of more people practicing or more people taking on the cultural traits hearth remain strong

Hierarchical diffusion

Happens through systems, typically some sort of power top down

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

Goes from smaller community to a larger community expansion diffusion

Contagious diffusion

Diffusion of a trait does not go through a system of structures and spreads quickly and everywhere expansion diffusion

Stimulus diffusion

The train is changing is diffusing and it takes on different aspects of an environment or culture. It is diffusing to. Expansion diffusion.

Colonialism

the practice where one nation establishes political control over another territory, often settling for their own people, there and exploiting the land and resources of the colonized region, while imposing their cultural and economic systems on the local population, essentially creating a colony for their own benefit that usually involves a power imbalance in domination over the indigenous people a colonized area

Colonization

The process where a powerful country establishes control over another territory often by settling their own people, there to explore its resources and impose their political economic, and cultural systems, essentially creating a colony for their own benefit it involves the establishment of settlements in a fortune land to gain control over its people and resources

Imperialism

Refers to the process where a powerful nation, excerpts, political, economic, and cultural control over other territories, often through military force to expand its own power and influence without necessarily establishing direct colonies and every case essentially it is the idea of dominating other nations to gain control over resources and markets

Diffusion

The spread of a cultural element item group of people, disease or phenomenon from one place

A culturization

When a group adopts different cultural trades of another culture. Original culture is modified not lost

Assimulation

When a minority culture adopts a new culture typically the dominant culture resulting in a loss of the original culture

Creolization

The process of two cultures/languages coming together to create a new third culture/language . Traditionally due to colonization. Was originally used for linguistics, but has expanded to other cultural aspects.

Lingua Franco

A common language used by individuals whose native language is different

Diaspora

The dispersion of any people from their original homeland to force migration, leads to aculturation or assimulation

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of the world through the exchange of ideas, good culture, and people across national borders leading to more integrated global economy and society essentially different parts of the world are becoming more connected to each other

Times space convergence

The concept that the world feels smaller due to advancements in transportation and communication technologies, essentially decreasing travel time between locations and making places seem closer together than they geographically are

Cultural divergence

When individuals become separated from different aspects of culture or are exposed to no idea, ideas

Cultural convergence

When different culture is merged together to form one mass culture often times in the form of a modern or global culture

Language families

refers to a group of languages that have a common ancient and central language protolanguage

language branches

Contain all the languages within a family, similar grammar and syntax, but speakers cannot understand speakers from other branches speakers can understand quite a bit of other languages with the same branch

Dialect

Original variation, how a single language is spoken

Toponyms

The name of a place

Universalizing religions

can be planted and grown in any culture throughout the world

ethnic religion

Belief systems that are characteristics of particular ethnic groups located in specific regions

Acculturation

The process by which people in one culture adopt some traits of another culture while maintaining their own cultural traits

Assimilation

People assume all or are almost all of the cultural traits of the dominant culture

Force assimilation

Occurs when a group is coerced into abandoning their cultural traits and adopting the traits of the dominant culture

voluntary assimilation

occurs when an individual or group finds a advantage to assume most of the cultural traits of a cultural around them

syncretism

Describes the blending of two or more cultural traits that result in a cultural trait

multiculturalism

describe the society in which many cultures coexist without pressure to assimilate