Systems of Agriculture

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29 Terms

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Commodities

Raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold in a variety of places

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Examples of commodities

wheat, cotton, coffee, cacao, corn, chickens

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Commodity chain

A complex network that connects the place of production with consumers

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Commodity chains follow agricultural products from

seeds and fertilizers all way to finished goods

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Agribusiness

Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry

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A key part of the commodity chain

Agribusinesses

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Examples of Agribusinesses

John Deere, Smithfield, Monsanto, Dole

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Vertical Integration (Important)

when an agribusiness controls multiple steps in a commodity chain

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What has influenced much of global agriculture today

Agribusinesses

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Agribusiness have ______ tremendously since the ___________

Agribusiness have grown tremendously since the mid-1900s

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The growth of agribusinesses have caused commercial farming in MDCs to become…

more industrialized and turn into corporate farms

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Corporate farms have

More capitol to invest in farming and larger economies of scale

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Economies of Scale

As production of good increase, the fixed costs go down

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Smaller, family farms cannot compete with

Corporate farms

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True or False: MDCs produce all of its own food

False, no country produces all of its own food

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Network for getting food from ground to table is

large and involves many steps

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Global Supply Chain

Agribusinesses that are organized at a global scale

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Global Supply Chains are

Growing, harvesting, processing, transporting, marketing, consuming & disposing of foods

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Systems require _____________ to work

Systems require infrastructure to work

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Infrastructure

The basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) that are needed for a country, region, or organization to function properly

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Examples of infrastructure

Sewage, water, electricity & transportation networks

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What are the most efficient ways of transporting commodities?

Railways and waterways

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Supply chains work best when

trade partnerships are stable

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Economic decisions (or conflicts) in one place can result in

a domino effect

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Examples of Economic decisions (or conflicts) in one place resulting in a domino effect

  • Countries shutting borders due to COVID-19

  • Food prices in the UK after Brexit

  • Sanctions against Russia (Breadbasket of the world)

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Since 1995, global trade in food has nearly

doubled

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As developing countries become more involved in global markets

demand for products has increased

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Emerging economies like China, Brazil, India & Indonesia continue to

increase their presence in global food trade

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Developing countries joining the global market creates more

competition with MDCs that previously dominated agricultural trade