Polysaccharides and Disaccharides - Biochem

What type of polysaccharide is amylose?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Amylopectin?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Glycogen?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Cellulose?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Chitin?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Dextran?

Homopolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Peptidoglycan?

Heteropolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Agarose?

Heteropolysaccharide

What type of polysaccharide is Hyaluronan?

Heteropolysaccharide

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Amylose?

Glucose (α-1,4) - linear

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Amylopectin?

Glucose (α-1,4) linkages, with (α-1,6) branches every 24-36 residues

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Glycogen?

Glucose (α-1,4) linkages, with (α-1,6) branches every 8-12 residues

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Cellulose?

Glucose (β-1,4)

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Chitin?

N-Acetylglucosamide (β-1,4)

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Dextran?

Glucose (α-1,6) linkages with (α-1,3) branches

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Peptidoglycan?

Alternating N-acetylglucosamide and N-acetylmuramic acid (β-1,4) linkages

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Agarose?

Alternating α-(1→3) and β-(1→4) bonds between D-Galactose and 3,6-Anhydro-L-galactopyranose unit

What is the repeating unit and bond number(s) of Hyaluronan?

alternating α-(1→3) and β-(1→4) bonds between glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamide

Role of Amylose

Energy storage in plants

Role of Amylopectin

Energy storage in plants

Role of Glycogen

Energy storage in bacteria and animals

Role of Cellulose

Structure in plants (rigidity and strength of cell walls)

Role of Chitin

Structure in insects, spiders, crustaceans (Rigidity and strength of exoskeletons)

Role of Dextran

Structure in bacteria (extracellular adhesive)

Role of Peptidoglycan

Structure in bacteria (Rigidity and strength in cell envelope)

Role of Agarose

Structure in Algae (Cell wall material)

Role of Hyaluronan

Structure in vertebrates (Extracellular matrix of skin and connective tissue, viscosity and lubrication in joints)

Subunits and bond of sucrose

Glucose and Fructose held by a (α-1,2) bond

Subunits and bonds of lactose

Galactose and Glucose linked by a (β-1,4) bond

Subunits and bonds of maltose

Glucose and glucose linked by a (α-1,4) bond