Move to Global War - 1.1. The impact of nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy: the origins, 1853–1930

Nationalism

Strong support by a country's people for their own nation's interests, sometimes at the expense of other nations.

Militarism

Belief by a government or people that a strong military is essential to defend and advance their country's interests.

Shogun

Feudal military dictator who ruled Japan since 1192, holding power over the emperor, daimyo (feudal lords), and samurai (warriors).

Treaty of Kanagawa

Agreement signed by Japan in 1854 after US Commodore Perry's arrival, leading to political power returning to the Meiji emperor and the dismantling of feudal systems.

First Sino-Japanese War

Conflict in 1894 where Japan defeated China, resulting in the Treaty of Simonoseki giving Japan Formosa and Liaodong Peninsula, and forcing China to pay indemnity and open ports.

Russo-Japanese War

War in 1904 where Japan defeated Russia, leading to the Treaty of Portsmouth granting Japan control of Korea and South Manchuria.

Washington Treaty System

Series of international agreements formed during the 1921 Washington Conference, including the Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, and Five-Power Naval Treaty to regulate naval competition and protect possessions in the Pacific.