Colonial America: Chesapeake Colonies (Maryland and Virginia)

These flashcards cover the historical significance and key events surrounding the early English settlements of Maryland and Virginia, focusing on their challenges, economic strategies, and the evolution of labor in colonial America.

What was the key reason for Britain's renewed interest in the New World in the late 16th century?

Britain wanted to challenge Spanish dominance and claim its own share of the New World.

Who led the first British expedition to North America and what land did he claim?

John Cabot led the expedition and claimed Newfoundland for England.

What was the fate of the Roanoke colony established in 1587?

The colony vanished and its settlers are believed to have abandoned it due to drought and hostilities with native tribes.

What does the term ‘Croatoan’ refer to in the context of the Roanoke colony?

‘Croatoan’ is believed to refer to both an island and the name of the tribe inhabiting that area.

What event marks the establishment of Jamestown?

Jamestown was established by the Virginia Company of London in 1607 and represents the first permanent English settlement in North America.

What were some of the main challenges faced by the settlers of Jamestown?

Settlers suffered from disease, starvation, and conflict with the native population.

What economic strategy influenced the survival of the Jamestown colony after the 'starving time'?

The cultivation of tobacco as a cash crop boosted the economy and allowed for additional resources.

How did the Virginia colony attempt to find a labor force for tobacco cultivation?

At first, they tried to coerce native tribes into working for them but later established a system of indentured servitude.

What was the headright system established in 1617?

A land grant policy that provided 50 acres of land for each person who paid their own way to Virginia, incentivizing migration.

What major rebellion occurred in 1676 and what was its main cause?

Bacon's Rebellion was a revolt of freed indentured servants against Virginia's elite, driven by lack of land and protection from native raids.