Untitled Flashcards Set

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their substances through ducts to the outside of the body.

Define a hormone and explain how they are transported in the body.

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands that is transported through the bloodstream to target organs or cells.

How does endocrine signaling differ from neural signaling?

Endocrine signaling involves hormones that travel through the bloodstream to distant target organs, while neural signaling involves neurotransmitters that transmit signals directly between neurons.

What are the major endocrine organs and glands in the endocrine system?

The major endocrine organs include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, and pancreas.

What is the primary function of hormones produced by the pituitary gland?

The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

The urinary system's main functions include the removal of waste products from the blood, the regulation of blood volume and pressure, and the maintenance of electrolyte balance.

What are the three processes involved in the formation of urine?

The three processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

List the stages of the ovarian cycle.

The stages of the ovarian cycle include the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

What is the purpose of mitosis?

The purpose of mitosis is to produce two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Describe the main difference between meiosis and mitosis.

Meiosis results in four genetically diverse daughter cells with half the chromosome number, while mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

What is the definition of genotype and phenotype?

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits resulting from the genotype.

List the four major classes of tissue and their general functions.

The four major classes of tissue are epithelial (covers surfaces and lines cavities), connective (supports and binds other tissues), muscle (facilitates movement), and nervous (transmits signals).

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system functions to maintain fluid balance, absorb dietary fats, and provide immunity.

What is the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?

The respiratory system maintains homeostasis by regulating the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, contributing to the body's pH balance.

How is oxygen transported in the blood?

Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood bound to hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells.

What is the function of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system provides support, protection for vital organs, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Explain how muscle contraction occurs according to the sliding filament model.

Muscle contraction occurs when thin filaments slide over thick filaments within the sarcomeres, shortening the muscle fiber.

What are the basic functions of the central nervous system?

The central nervous system processes information and coordinates responses to stimuli by integrating sensory input and sending out motor commands.

What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes 'rest and digest' activities.