summation vocabs

remnant

a small part of something that is left after most of it has been used (leftover)

former

from the past

periodic

occasionally (dinh ky, tuan hoan)

extant 

still existing, still alive, present 

sub-ambient

lower than the surrounding or normal ambient level

hyphae

a long, threadlike structure that makes up the body of fungus

remorseful

feeling sorry and regret about something wrong you did

mesmerize

to capture someone’s attention for something

throbbing

beating strongly and repeatedly (to describe pain, music, pulse) 

negligible

too small or unimportant that it doesn’t matter

postulate

to assume something is true without proof

hazy

difficult to understand

penetrate

to go through or into something

Beneath

under or below

pigment 

the color microorganism of smt (sac to, chat mau)

forgery

copies of documents, artwork, signature to trick people

latitude

freedom to do things in the way you choose

volatility

instability, sudden change

cease 

to stop something from happening or continuing 

hegemony

monopoly, control or strong influence of one group, country

Transmitted

Sent from one person to another (Convey, spread, communicated)

Compiled

Collected and arranged into a list, book, system (Assemble, collect, organize)

Discard

Thrown away because no longer useful (Abandoned, rejected, scrapped)

Camaraderie

Mutual trust and friendship among people (Companionship)

Segregation

Separation of people (Separation, division, apartheid)

Inflame

To arouse strong emotion (Provoke, ignite)

Indubitable

Certain, clear

Jovial

Cheerful and friendly

Morose

Gloomy, bad-tempered

Sullen

Silent and unfriendly because of anger or unhappiness (Surly, moody)  

Presumptuous 

Overconfident, rude, too bold  (Arrogant, audacious)

Placated by

Made less angry or hostile (Sooth, calm, pacify)

Bestowed on 

Given as an honor or gift (Conferred on, granted to)

Wrought by

Made or created by (Produced by, brought about by)

Foible

A minor weakness or flaw in character (Weakness, quirk, shortcoming) 

Acclaim

Enthusiastic public praise (Praise, commendation)

Discern

To recognize or understand smt with difficulty (Perceive, detect)

Niche

A suitable position or specialized market (Slot, position, alcove, speciality)

Ascribe

To attribute something to a cause (Attribute, assign, credit)

Attrition

Gradual reduction in strength or numbers (Erosion, weakening, depletion)

Proxy

A person/thing acting as a substitue or representative

(nguoi dai dien, uy quyen)

Intrusive

causing disruption or being unwelcome by entering where you don’t belong (invasive, pushy, obtrusive.)

Obviating

Preventing or removing the need for smt

Mutable

Capable of change

Retrieve

To get back something lost (Recover, regain, reclaim)

Hallmark

A typical feature of characteristic (Trait,  characteristic)

Remedy

A solution for a problem or illness (Cure, solution, fix)

Perpetuate

To cause smt to continue (Sustain, prolong, maintain)

Nullify

To make something invalid or ineffective (Invalidate, cancel, void)

Morbid

Having an unhealthy interest in disturbing topics  (benh hoan)

Hasten

To cause something to happen sooner (Accelerate, expedite)

Empirical

Based on observation (Observation, factual)

Mediated

to help solve a conflict between two sides, or to make something possible through a process (facilitated, intervened, arbitrated)

Sway

To influence or control

Simultaneously

At the same time

Censure 

Strong criticism or disapproval (Condemn, rebuke)

Divulge

Reveal a secret (Disclose, betray)

Pliable

Easily bent or influenced (Flexible, adaptable)

Adversity

Difficulties or misfortune (Hardship, misfortune, difficulty)

Obsolete

Out of date, no longer used

Invoke

To call on law, principle, authority for help / support (Cite, call upon)

Extol

To praise enthusiastically (Praise, acclaim)

Infirm

Weak, especially due to age/illness (Frail, feeble)

Mundane

Ordinary, dull, lacking excitement (Ordinary, banal)

Versatile

Able to adapt to many functions or activities (Flexible, resourceful)

Sanitize

To make clean and safe (Clean, purify)

Preclude

To stop something from happening (Prevent, block, hinder)

Falsehood

A statement that is not true (Lie, untruth, deception)

Spectacle

Something big or impressive to look at (Show, display, performance  )

Terseness

Speaking or writing in very few words (Shortness, brevity, conciseness)

Culpability

Responsibility for doing something wrong (Blame, guilt, fault)

Obstinacy

Refusing to change your opinion or behavior (Stubbornness, inflexibility)

Entanglement

A complicated or difficult situation (Involvement, complication)

Obediently

Doing what you are told to do (Dutifully, submissively)

Scarcely

Almost not at all (Barely, hardly, rarely)

Incongruous

Not matching the surrounding or situation (Unsuitable, inconsistent)

Circumspection

Being very careful and cautious (Caution, prudence, vigilance )

Foments  

To cause trouble or make people angry (Stir up, provoke, incite)

Emissaries for

People sent to represent someone else (Representatives, messengers)

deliberate 

done carefully. Intentionally (intentional, purposeful)

undertake

to take on and begin doing something important. (assume, embark on, initiate)

startling

surprising (astonishing, astounding)

conceit

extreme pride in urself (egotism, vanity)

buoyed up

supported or encouraged (uplifted, bolstered)

paragon

a perfect example (model, exemplar)

substantiate

to prove smt with evidence (validate, corroborate)

spatial

relating to space or position (dimensional, structural)

nuance

a slight difference in meaning, tone, feeling (subtlety, distinction)

cursory

done quickly without attention to detail (superficially, hasty)

imperative 

extremely important (essential, crucial, vital)

conjecture about

an opinion formed without proof (speculation, guess, hypothesis)

invoke

to call upon smt (law, authority, spirit) -(cited, summoned, appealed to)

improvise

to invent or perform without preparation ( invent, extemporize)

partition

divide into part (separation, division)

abolish 

to officially end something (eliminate, eradicate) 

attest to

to show or prove smt is true (confirm, authenticate)

collude with

to act together secretly, illegally (conspire, plot, connive)

component

one of the parts of a system (element, constituent, part)

impartiality

treating all sides equally (fairness, neutrality)

circumspection

careful consider to avoid risk (caution, prudence)