BSC2085L - Appendicular Skeleton

(anterior): convex forward & concave lateral.

Acromial end: articulates with scapula

Sternal end: attaches to sternum

Conoid tubercle: ligament attachment site

clavicle and important structures

1. Pectoral girdle

-Clavicle (anterior)

-Scapula (posterior)

2. Pelvic girdle

3. appendages/limbs

Main parts of the appendicular skeleton

A. Acromioclavicular joint

B. scapula

C. clavicle

Label the pectoral girdle

A. Ilium

B. Pubis

C. Ischium

D. coxal bone

E. sacrum

Label the pelvic girdle

clavicle and scapula

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Scapula Important Structures

(posterior): acromion superior and lateral.

Important structures

Spine: extends into the acromion

Acromion: connects with clavicle

Coracoid process: muscle attachment

Glenoid cavity: socket for humerus

Suprascapular notch: passage for nerves

Superior, lateral and medial borders

Supraspinosa fossa

Superior angle

Inferior angle

A. acromial (lateral) end

B. sternal (medial) end

Label the right clavicle superior side

A. acromial end

B. facet for articulation with acromion

C. sternal end

label the realistic superior view of the right clavicle

A. acromial end

B. conoid tubercle

C. costal tuberosity

D. sternal end

E. sternal facet

Label the inferior view of the right clavicle

A. acromion

B. coracoid process

C. glenoid cavity

D. lateral process

E. suprascapular notch

F. superior border

G. superior angle

J. supraspinous fossa

I. spine

J. infraspinous fossa

K. medial border

L. inferior angle

M. suprascapular notch

N. coracoid process

O. acromion

P. lateral process

Q. inferior angle

Label the anferior and posterior aspects of the scapula

A. superior angle

B. supraspinous fossa

C. spine

D. infraspinous

E. lateral border

F. inferior angle

G. superior border

H. coracoid process

I. acromion

J. glenoid cavity

K. medial border

Label the scapula

A. acromion

B. supraspinous fossa

C. coracoid process

D. glenoid cavity

label the individual bones of the pectoral girdle

the humerus

what does the upper arm consist of?

Head: fits into glenoid cavity of scapula

Greater and lesser tubercle

Capitulum (lateral): articulated with radius

Trochlea (medial): articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna

Radial fossa (lateral): for head of radius during flexion

Coronoid fossa: for ulna process during flex

Olecranon fossa: for ulna processing during extension

Medial and lateral epicondyle

Deltoid tuberosity: attachment site for the deltoid muscle

Radial groove: indicates the pathway of the radial nerve

what are important structures of the humerus

A. greater tubercle

B. lesser tubercle

C. deltoid tuberosity

D. radial fossa

E. capitulum

F. head of humerus

G. radial groove

H. coronoid fossa

I. olecranon fossa

J. medial epicondyle

K. trochlea

L. greater tubercle

M. deltoid tuberosity

N. Lateral epicondyle

label the anterior and posterior view of the humerus

A. humerus

B. capitulum

C. head of radius

D. radial tuberosity

E. radius

F. coronoid fossa

G. medial epicondyle

H. trochlea

I. coronoid process of ulna

J. radial notch

K. ulna

Label the anterior view of the elbow region

A. humerus

B. olecranon

C. medial epicondyle

D. ulna

E. olecranon fossa

F. lateral epicondyle

G. head

H. neck

I. radius

label the posterior view of the extended elbow

A. greater tubercle

B. deltoid tuberosity

C. radial fossa

D. lateral epicondyle

E. capitulum

F. head

G. lesser tubercle

H. surgical neck

I. coronoid fossa

J. medial epicondyle

K. trochlea

label the real humerus

A. greater tubercle

B. lesser tubercle

C. intertubercular sulcus

D. shaft

E. radial fossa

F. lateral epicondyle

G. capitulum

H. head

I. anatomical neck

J. surgical neck

K. deltoid tuberosity

L. coronoid fossa

M. medial epicondyle

N. trochlea

label the anterior surface

radius and ulna

what does the forearm consist of

Radial head: proximal end

Radial tuberosity: bicep tendon attachment

Ulnar notch: distal end articulates with ulna

Radial styloid process: attachment for wrist ligaments

important structures of the radius

medial bone

Coronoid process: proximal/anterior end

Olecranon process: proximal/posterior end

Trochlear notch: separates the coronoid and olecranon processes

Radial notch: articulates with radial head

Ulnar styloid process: attachment for wrist ligaments

important structures of the ulna

A. radial notch of the ulna

B. head

C. neck

D. radial tuberosity

E. radius

F. radial styloid process

G. olecranon

H. trochlear notch

I. coronoid process

J. proximal radionulnar joint

K. ulna

L. ulnar notch of the radius

M. head of ulna

N. ulnar styloid process

O. distal radioulnar joint

P. head of radius

Q. neck of radius

R. radius

S. radial styloid of process

Label the anterior and posterior view of the radius and ulna

A. olecranon

B. trochlear notch

C. coronoid process

D. radial notch

label the proximal portion of the ulna

A. radial styloid process

B. ulnar notch of radius

C. head of ulna

D. ulnar styloid process

Label the distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist

A. olecranon

B. trochlear notch

C. coronoid process

D. radial notch of ulna

E. head of ulna

F. ulnar styloid process

label the ulna

A. head of radius

B. neck of radius

C. radial tuberosity

D. ulnar notch of radius

E. radial styloid process

label the radial

A. olecranon

B. trochlear notch

C. coronoid process

D. radial notch

Label the ulna

1. Carpus (wrist): 8 bones - 2 rows of 4 bones

2. Metacarpals (palm): 5 bones (counting from the thumb outward)

3. Phalanges (distal, middle, and proximal): fingers (3 bones for each finger except thumb) - 14 bones total

3 groups of bones in the Hand (manus)

Proximal row (lateral to medial): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform (SLTP)

Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate (TTCH)

Mnemonic device for anatomical position: Sandy Left The Party To Take Cathy Home

Carpals

goes from medial center (thumb) outward

bones must be called by number and part

ex. proximal phalanx 1 numbering of phalanges

metacarpals

A. Metatarsals I-V

B. hamate

C. capitate

D. pisiform

E. triquetrum

F. lunate

G. ulna

H phalanges

I. Distal

J. middle

L proximal

M. sesamoid bones

N.trapezium

O. trapezoid

P. scaphoid

Q. radius

labelling the hand

Acetabulum: socket for the femur head

Obturator foramen: blood vessels and nerves travel through to thigh

Greater sciatic notch: allows sciatic nerve and blood vessel to pass through to the thigh

Ala: broad lateral surface of the ilium

Iliac fossa: broad medial surface of the ilium

Iliac crest: superior margin of ilium

Ischial spine: landmark of the pelvic cavity

Ischial tuberosity: bears body weight when sitting

Pubic crest: anterior portion of pubis, forms pubic symphysis

Pubic tubercle: lateral to crest, attachment site of the inguinal ligament

Coxal Bone Important Structures

-lighter, thinner and smoother bones in females

-acetabula smaller and farther apart in females

-pubic arch broader in females (80-90) vs acute in males (50-60)

-pelvic inlet and outlet wider in females

-sacrum wider, shorter, and less curved in females

-coccyx more movable, straighter, projects inferiorly in females vs anteriorly in males

differences between a male and female pevlis

A. ilium

B. base of sacrum

C. sacrum

D. pubic arch

E. iliac crest

F. iliac fossa

G. acetabulum

H. pubic tubercle

I. pubic crest

J. pubic symphysis

label the coxal bones

A. greater sciatic notch

B. ischial spine

C. ischium

D. ischial tuberosity

E. obturator foramen

F. ala

G. ilium

H. iliac crest

I. pubic tubercle

J. pubic body

K. pubis

L. iliac fossa

M. body of ilium

N. greater sciatic notch

O. ischial spine

P. obturator foramen

Q. ischium

Label the bones of the pelvic girdle

A. iliac crest

B. sacrum

C. coccyx

D. greater sciatic notch

E. ischial spine

F. ischial tuberosity

pelvis of adult male posterior

A. lumbar disk

B. sacro-iliac joint

C. acetabulum

D. pubic tubercle

E. obturator foramen

F. sacrum

G. iliac crest

H. iliac fossa

I. ilium

J. pubis

K. pubic symphysis

L. ischium

Pevis of adult male anterior

Pubic symphysis: connects the two pubis

Sacroiliac joint: connects the ilium to the sacrum

Coxal Joints:

the femur

what is the thigh composed of

Head: proximal, fits in acetabulum of coxal bone

Fovea capitis: central pit on head for ligament attachment to acetabulum of coxal bone

Neck: connects head to shaft

Greater and lesser trochanter: muscle attachment

Medial and lateral condyle: articulates with tibia

Media and later epicondyle: located superior to condyles

Patellar surface: forms joint with patella

Intercondylar fossa: located between the medial and lateral condyle

Linea aspera: on posterior shaft for muscle attachment

Gluteal tuberosity: attachment site for muscle

Important structures of the femur

A. neck

B. lateral epicondyle

C. patellar surface

D. fovea capitis

E. head

F. lesser trochanter

G. lesser trochanter

H.. gluteal tuberosity

I. linea aspera

J. intercondylar fossa

K medial condyle

L. medial epicondyle

M. greater trochanter

N. lateral condyle

O. lateral epicondyle

label the anterior and posterior view of the femur

A. neck

B. greater trochanter

C. patellar surface

D. lateral epicondyle

E. lateral condyle

F. fovea capitis

G. head

H. lesser trochanter

I. shaft

J. medial epicondyle

K. medial condyle

L. neck

M. greater trochanter

N. gluteal tuberosity

O. linea aspera

P. Intercondylar fossa

Q. lateral epicondyle

R. lateral condyle

label the right femur

Apex - located anteriorly and inferiorly

Facets for medial and lateral condyle of femur

Surface for patellar ligament: located posterior to the apex

Patella (kneecap): Important Structures

A. apex

B. facet for medial condyle of femur

C. surface for patellar ligament

D. facet for lateral condyle of femur

Label the bones of the right kneecap

tibia and fibula

lower leg bones

large & more medial.

Lateral condyle: proximal end, connects femur

Medial condyle: proximal end, connects femur

Intercondylar eminence: separates lateral and medial condyle

Tibial tuberosity: patellar ligament attachment

Medial malleolus: medial bulge of ankle

Anterior border: ridge indicating the front

important structures of tibia

Head: interacts with tibia at proximal tibiofibular joint

Lateral malleolus: forms lateral bulge of ankle

Anterior crest: located along the anterior region of the diaphysis

important structures of fibula

Superior and inferior tibiofibular joints

articulation area between tibia and fibula

A. intercondylar eminence

B. lateral condyle

C. superior tibiofibular joint

D. fibula

E. inferior tibiofibular joint

F. lateral malleolus

G. medial condyle

H. tibial tuberosity

I. anterior border

J. tibia

K. medial malleolus

L. inferior articular surface

M.articular surface of medial condyle

N. articular surface of lateral condyle

O. head of fibula

P fibula

Q. lateral malleolus

R. head

Label the anterior and posterior view of the tibia and fibula

A. articular surface of lateral condule

B. head of fibula

C. fibula

D. lateral malleolus

E. intercondylar eminence

F. superior tibiofibular joint

G. tibia

H. inferior tibiofibular joint

I. medial malleolus

Label the Tibia

A. lateral condyle

B. anterior border

C. medial condyle

D. tibial tuberosity

E. medial malleolus

label the fibula

1. Tarsals: 7 bones

-Proximal row: Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular

-Distal row: Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiform, Cuboid

MNEMONIC DEVICE: Chris Told Nora, Milk Is Like Cream

2. Metatarsals: 5 bones counting from the medial

3. Phalanges: 14 (note: singular; phalanx)

foot composition

A. medial cuneiform

B. intermediate cuneiform

C. navicular

D. talus

E. trochlea of talus

F. distal

G. middle

H. proximal

I. lateral cuneiform

J. cuboid

K. calcaneus

L. phalanges

M. metatarsals

N. tarsals

label the foot bones