Radiology quiz 1 (slide content)

For a right/left lateral view of the thorax, where do you measure with the calipers

caudal border of the scapula

For a right/left lateral view of the thorax where do you put the beam center

caudal border of the scapula, between the 5th-6th ribs, or point of strongest heartbeat

For a right/left lateral view of the thorax what is the cranial boundary

Thoracic inlet

For a right/left lateral view of the thorax what is the caudal boundary

L1 (1-2cm past the last rib to include all of the ribcage)

For a right/left lateral view of the thorax when do you take exposure at

peak of inspiration

What do you do with the limbs when position for lateral thorax view

front limbs- pull front limbs cranially, keep them symmetric

hind limbs- pull hind limbs caudally, keep symmetric

What do you do with the head and what do you do to the sternum to maintain a parallel position

head- gently extend sternum- foam wedge under sternum to maintain parallel position

What are some signs you have perfect positioning/symmetry lateral thorax

-rib heads superimposed

-intervertebral foramina same size

-transverse processes superimposed

-front limbs are pulled forward and not interfering with the visualization of anatomy

For VD and DV thorax view where do you measure with the calipers

caudal border of scapula

For VD and DV thorax view where do you position the beam center

midline at caudal border of scapula, between 5th—6th ribs

For VD and DV thorax view where is the cranial boundary

Thoracic inlet

For VD and DV thorax view where is the caudal boundary

L1, 1-2 cm past the last rib to include all of ribcage

For VD and DV thorax view when do you take exposure at

peak inspiration

what are signs of perfect positioning/symmetry for VD or DV thorax

-sternum/spine superimposed

-spinous processes centered over vertebral bodies

-two sides of ribcage equal in distance

When should you avoid VD

if the animal is in respiratory distress

What is DV view of the thorax better than VD

DV view- better visualization of heart

What is VD view of the thorax better than DV

better visualization of lung tissue, ventral pulmonary fields, caudal vena cava, mediastinum

when positioning for DV thorax what should you do with hind and front limbs

hind limbs- tucked under each hip and visible on each side

Front limbs- extended slightly, one on each side of the patient’s neck, symmetric

when positioning for DV thorax what should you do with the head

rest on table top (if possible)

What does VHS stand for and what do we use it for

Veterbral heart score

Help to diagnose cardiomegaly

To determine VHS what view do you need

lateral thoracic

How to get VHS

-measure the height and width of the heart(height- carinia to apex)(width- widest area, perpendicular to)

-Transfer measurements to vertebra, starting at cranial edge of T4

-count the number of vertebrae that fall within the distance measured for height and width

-add the 2 measurements together=VHS

Where should I avoid putting my label and why

over the lead blocker- it won’t be visible on the radiograph

What needs to be included on the label

-Name/address of veterinary facility

-patient ID/name

-date

-View/area of anatomy being imaged (ex- R. lateral ABD)

-Initials of radiographer

-species ,sex, breed, age

When doing a lateral view how to determine if we use R or L label

labeled by side that is down on the table

What does the dosimeter monitor (body part)

radiation to thyroid glands and lens of eyes- two areas susceptible to radiation damage

what way should we store the lead gloves and why

upright to allow drying

how should we hang aprons and why

avoid folding- to avoid cracking lead

what is the purpose of a technique chart

provide a consistent method of choosing proper exposure factors (kVp, mAs) to create consistent diagnostic radiographs

every individual x-ray machine in diffrent locations need there own______

unique technique chart

if it is the same x-ray machine but in 2 direct clinics do we still need a new technique chart

yes

what are some factors that affect technique charts

-input voltage

-calibration

-speed of screens (part of x-ray cassette)

-age of screens

-film speed(slow medium fast)

-beam filtration

-temperature/time of processing

-grid type

What are the types of technique charts

-extremity and skull(canine/feline), no grid(table top)

-Abdomen(canine/feline), with grid(film tray)

-Thorax(canine/feline), with grid

-pelvis and spine(canine/feline) with grid

-Avian and exotics, no grid

-Equine limb

When do we use a grid(film tray)

when the body parts measure greater than 10cm

How is a technique chart made

three test radiographs of each region (3 of each area) to visualization all tissue density(use different mAs for each test radiograph)

use the best radiograph

-mAs/kVp utilized to create the best test radiograph used as a basis to formulate the remainder of our new technique chart

How to estimate kVp

Sante’s Rule (2x measurement in cm)+40

mAs will _________ for all measurements of 10 cm or less

stay the same

mAs will ________ for all measurements greater than 10 cm

stay the same

mAs for measurements greater than 10 cm is ___________

twice that as for measurements 10cm of less

Where do you have to x-ray 3 times to create new technique chart

-thorax

-extremity

-spine

-exotics

-equine limb

what are 3 goals of quality assurance

-ensure every radiograph is as diagnostic as possible

-minimize retakes

-limit radiation exposure of patients and personnel

who performs most QC (quality assurance)

technicians/technologists

where all do we preform QA tests

-x-ray machine

-dark room

-image receptors

what do we do with the QA results and why

we must track them because is allows the identification of trends in test results and problems can be corrected early on

How do we do QA of SID

measure to make sure it is 40inches from the x-ray tube to table top and film tray positions

How to do the light field size QA

collimate 8×10 and measure to see if it is 8×10

what is the light feild/X-ray field alignment QA

the 9 penny test

we do it to see if the X-ray is aligned with the light field

What do we see if there a problem with protective gear check (QA)

a crack in any lead PPE

What types of QA do we do

Protective gear check

9 penny test

light field size

SID marks

All radiographs are recorded where

-animal use log

-radiography animal use list(on wall)

-Radiograph log

How does the central ray location differ between cats and dogs for views of the abdomen

dog- caudal aspect of 13th rib

cat-2-3 fingers below 13th rib

How to appropriately position an animal for a view of abdomen VD

-front limbs pulled cranially, symmetrically

-hind limbs pulled caudally, symmetrically

-head/neck gently extended

-ensure patient is level- not tipping to one side

How to appropriately position an animal for a view of abdomen right lateral view

should ensure the limbs aren’t bent and blocking the view while having the same boundaries

for right later abdomen where do i measure

caudal aspect of 13th rib (thickest part)

for right later abdomen what is the cranial boundary

1 inch cranial to xiphoid

for right later abdomen what is the caudal boundary

greater trochanter of femur

for right later abdomen where is beam center on cats and dogs

cats- 2-3 finger widths below 13th rib

dogs- caudal aspect of 13th rib at level of umbilicus

for a VD view of the abdomen where is the site to measure

caudal aspect of 13th rib at level of umbilicus

for a VD view of the abdomen, what is the cranial boundary

1 inch cranial to xiphoid

for a VD view of the abdomen what is the caudal boundary

greater trochanter to femur including coxofemoral joint

for a VD view of the abdomen where is central ray on cats and dogs

cat- midline, 2-3, fingers below 13th rib

dog-midline at the caudal aspect of 13th rib at the level of the umbilicus