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What are the “Middle Ages”?
Fall of the West Roman Empire — Reign of Justinian I (peak of the Byzantine Empire)— Reign of Charlemagne (Carolingian Renaissance) — Fall of Constantinople
5th - 15th century
Iconography
To study, identify, and understand the subject matter of a
work of art — what it is
Iconology
To interpret the work of art as an embodiment of its culture,
religious, political, and social context — what it means
What is “Late Antiquity”?
Emperor Diocletian establishes tetrarchy (requires sacrifice to Roman gods, executes/imprisons Christians and Jews) — Constantine takes control over Roman Empire (Christianity tolerated) — Theodosius I (Proclaims Christianity to be the sole official religion)
3rd - 8th century
When was Dura-Europos established?
300 BCE
Dura-Europos
Ancient multicultural city — Jewish, Christian, Greek, Roman, etc.
Dura-Europos Synagogue
Lots of wall paintings showing biblical figures
Best preserved early synagogue
When was the Dura-Europos Synagogue built?
244/245 CE

Torah Niche from Dura-Europos Synagogue

What is depicted


What is depicted
Retrieving Moses from the Nile

Where was this image found?
Dura-Europos Synagogue
250 CE

Dura-Europos Christian House Church
231 BC
Oldest known Christian house-church
Lots of wall paintings
Dura-Europos Christian House Church - Baptistery
Place where people are baptized

Dura-Europos Christian House Church - Baptistery
231 BC

What does this depict?
The fall of man — salvation through Christ

Depiction of the lost sheep parable
Behind baptismal font in Dura-Europos Christian House

Ram-Bearer (kriophoros)
Greece
560 BCE

The Good Shepherd
Anatolia
280-290 CE

The Good Shepherd
Rome, Catacombs of Priscilla
Late 3rd century CE
Catacombs
Underground place to bury the dead
Lots of religious art work

Catacombs of Saints Marcellinus and Peter
Late 3rd- early 4th century

Catacombs of Saints Marcellinus and Peter
Late 3rd- early 4th century

What does this depict
The Good Shepherd and the Story of Jonah
Late 3rd- early 4th century

Where did the story of Jonah originate from?
The Hebrew Bible — mixing of cultures

Rising of Lazarus
3rd/4th century catacombs

Raising of Lazarus
Catacomb of St. Callixtus
3rd century

Raising of Lazarus
Catacomb della via Latina
4th century

Jonah Sarcophagus
300 CE
Most early Christian art was found in ___
Catacombs
Late Antiquity I
3-4th Century
Late Antiquity II
4-6th Century

Catacombs of Saints Marcellinus and Peter
Late 3rd- early 4th c.
Christ healing woman with the flow of blood

Jonah Cast Up
Anatolia
280-290 CE

Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
305 CE
Porphyry
About 4'3”
Tetrarchy
System of government established by Emperor Diocletian
Divided the Roman Empire among four rulers
284-305
Constantine I “the Great” reigned from ___ to ___
306 - 337
Edict of Milan
Granted religious freedom and tolerance to all citizens, including Christians
By Roman Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius
313CE

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Rome
359
Marble

Part of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Rome
359

What does it depict

Aisle
Columned side walkway
Ambulatory
Passage that allows for walking around a central space
Apse
Large semicircular recess, typically located at the eastern end and usually containing the alter
Clerestory
Upper story of a church, often with windows that provide light to the nave
Colonnade
Row of columns
Martyrium
Church built over the site of a martyr’s relics or tomb
Often features a central plan
Nave
Central isle of a basilica
Narthex
Entrance porch
Transept
A rectangular area which cuts across the main axis of a basilica-type building and projects beyond it
Triumphal arch
Arch separating apse from nave

Old St. Peter’s Basilica
Ordered between 317-322 by Constantine

Mosaics of Santa Costanza
Rome
ca. 350

Mosaics of Santa Costanza ceiling
Rome
350

Mosaics of Santa Costanza ceiling
Rome
350

Mosaics of Santa Costanza ceiling
Rome
350
455
Rome is sacked by the Vandals
476
The Western Roman Empire ends

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
Saint Lawrence
ca. 425
Lunette
(little moon) crescent, half-moon, or semi-circular shape