BIO 189 - LAB 5 Light Microscopy and Cell Structure

Compound Light Microscope

is used in this lab. It magnify the image of the specimen using light and lenses.

Parfocal

means that once an object is in focus using the scanning lens; it will remain in coarse focus when lenses are change to higher power.

Ocular Lenses

Lenses to look through to view the specimen.

Head

upper part of microscope containing oculars and rotating nose piece.

Arm

narrow, vertical part connecting the head and base.

Rotating Nose Piece

revolving device located below the ocular lenses. It serve as an attachment for the objecting lenses.

Scanning Lens

magnification 4x. The shortest of the objective lenses, used to scan the whole slide.

Low Power Lens

magnification 10x. Longer than the scanning objective lens and is used to view objects in greater detail.

High Power Lens

magnification 40x. Used to view and object to even greater detail.

Oil Immersion Lens

magnification 100x. Used in conjunction with immersion oil to view objects with the greatest magnification.

Mechanical Stage/Stage Clip

keeps the specimen slide stationary while viewing.

Mechanical Stage/Stage Clip Control

two knobs that allow the movement of the specimen of the specimen slide on the stage while viewing.

Stage

the flat platform connected to the arm and beneath the objective lenses, upon which the specimen slide is place.

Condenser

a lens located just below the stage that concentrates the light on the specimen.

Condenser Control

knob allowing the viewer to control the position of the condenser.

Iris Diaphragm

lever located beneath the condenser, it opens and closes the iris diaphragm regulating the light passing through the condenser.

Coarse Adjustment Knob

two knobs on either side of the microscope at the base of the arm. Usually the largest knobs on the arm.

Fine Adjustment Knob

two knobs usually located in the center of each coarse adjustment knob. Used for precision focusing, since they raise or lower stage in very low increments.Safe to use with the high power (40x) and oil immersion (100x) lenses.

Substage Light

a light within the base providing the light source for illumination of the specimen. The power switch is usually at the side or front of the microscope turns it off and on.

Rheostat

dial that adjusts the light intensity allowed through the condenser on to the specimen.

Base

supportive flat surface of the microscope that rests on the table.

Field of View

total amount of specimen that is visible, will decrease anytime an object is magnified.

Refraction

when a ray of light travels through the glass slide and comes into contact with air and it bends.

Depth of Field

vertical distance that remains in focus at a time.

Cells

come in different shapes, sizes and are designed to perform specific functions.

Plasma Membrane

outer boundary of the cell.

DNA

all cells store genetic information in the form of

Cytoplasm

everything inside the plasma membrane that is not DNA or nucleus.

Prokaryotes

their DNA is found in the cytoplasm and not within a nucleus and they do not have any other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

they contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplast. They also house their DNA within the nucleus.

Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archae

both have unicellular prokaryotic organisms known as bacteria.

Kingdom Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

contain both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organism.

Cyanobacteria

organism is a colony of prokaryotic cells that can photosynthesize.

Anabaena

lab test for kingdom eubacteria and kingdom archaebacteria

Pond Water with living protist

lab test for kingdom protista

Mushroom

lab test for kingdom fungi

Red Onion and elodea

lab test for kingdom plantae

Cheek Cell

lab test for kingdom animalia

Dissecting Microscope

Type of microscope used to observe larger specimens such as insects, leaves, and rock minerals.