Biology Quiz

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion

Heat

Random molecular motion, usually lost to the environment

First Law of Thermodynamics

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed

Exergonic

A reaction the releases energy

Potential

A rock at the top of a mountain has _____________ energy

Adenine 3 phosphate groups and Ribose

The three parts of ATP

ATP

The fully charged energy molecule that cells use to do work

Releases; Endergonic

The hydrolysis of ATP ________ energy to be used in _____________ reactions

Chemical, Mechanical, Transport

The three types of work done by cells

The phosphate group phosphorylates (is added to) the substance that needs energy

How the energy from ATP is transferred to the endergonic reaction

Proteins

Enzymes are carbs, lipids, nucleic acids or proteins?

Substrate

The substance an enzyme is working on

Active Site

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme

Induced Fit

Relationship between the substrate and active site

Activation Energy

The enzyme makes the reaction quicker by lowering the ________ needed for the reaction to proceed

Denature

A change in the shape of an enzyme

Denature

The effect of high temperature on enzymes

Competitive Inhibitor

A substance that blocks the active site of an enzyme and makes the enzyme ineffective

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

A substance that binds to an enzyme outside of the active site and makes the enzyme ineffective

Monosaccharide

Smallest carbohydrate

Starch

Example of a polysaccharide used to store energy

Dehydration Synthesis

How two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide

monosaccharides

Type of carb used as main fuel in cells

monosaccharide

C18H36O18
is a _____saccharide

hydrolosis

How are polymers broken down?

a polymer breaks up to form monomers, consumed

In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.

The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.

Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?

as fuel

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.

water

When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.

polymer, glucose molecules

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.

starch, cellulose

When you eat a plant, you derive energy from the stored __________, but not from the __________ component.

the potential energy of the products is less than the potential energy of the reactants

Which of the following statements is true of an exergonic reaction, but NOT true of an endergonic reaction?

endergonic, requires an input of

The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP is an _____ reaction that _____ energy.

Yes.

Does salinity affect enzymes?

The temperature should be raised.

Taq polymerase is an enzyme isolated from the organism Thermophilus aquaticus. This organism has been found living in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. This enzyme is used to copy human DNA from crime scenes. Most reactions are performed at ranges similar to those of the human body; however, what considerations should be made for optimum use of this enzyme?

substrate ... active site

For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction there must be a specific fit between the __________ and the enzyme's __________.

succinylcholine must be a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine

Succinylcholine is structurally almost identical to acetylcholine, but if combined with the enzyme that normally hydrolyzes acetylcholine, the enzyme is no longer able to hydrolyze acetylcholine. This suggests that __________.

a molecule mimics the substrate and binds to the enzyme's active site.

Competitive inhibition occurs when...