Studied by 8 peopleKinetic Energy
The energy of motion
Heat
Random molecular motion, usually lost to the environment
First Law of Thermodynamics
States that energy cannot be created or destroyed
Exergonic
A reaction the releases energy
Potential
A rock at the top of a mountain has _____________ energy
Adenine 3 phosphate groups and Ribose
The three parts of ATP
ATP
The fully charged energy molecule that cells use to do work
Releases; Endergonic
The hydrolysis of ATP ________ energy to be used in _____________ reactions
Chemical, Mechanical, Transport
The three types of work done by cells
The phosphate group phosphorylates (is added to) the substance that needs energy
How the energy from ATP is transferred to the endergonic reaction
Proteins
Enzymes are carbs, lipids, nucleic acids or proteins?
Substrate
The substance an enzyme is working on
Active Site
Where the substrate binds to the enzyme
Induced Fit
Relationship between the substrate and active site
Activation Energy
The enzyme makes the reaction quicker by lowering the ________ needed for the reaction to proceed
Denature
A change in the shape of an enzyme
Denature
The effect of high temperature on enzymes
Competitive Inhibitor
A substance that blocks the active site of an enzyme and makes the enzyme ineffective
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
A substance that binds to an enzyme outside of the active site and makes the enzyme ineffective
Monosaccharide
Smallest carbohydrate
Starch
Example of a polysaccharide used to store energy
Dehydration Synthesis
How two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide
monosaccharides
Type of carb used as main fuel in cells
monosaccharide
C18H36O18 is a _____saccharide
hydrolosis
How are polymers broken down?
a polymer breaks up to form monomers, consumed
In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.
The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.
Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?
as fuel
Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.
water
When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.
polymer, glucose molecules
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
starch, cellulose
When you eat a plant, you derive energy from the stored __________, but not from the __________ component.
the potential energy of the products is less than the potential energy of the reactants
Which of the following statements is true of an exergonic reaction, but NOT true of an endergonic reaction?
endergonic, requires an input of
The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP is an _____ reaction that _____ energy.
Yes.
Does salinity affect enzymes?
The temperature should be raised.
Taq polymerase is an enzyme isolated from the organism Thermophilus aquaticus. This organism has been found living in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. This enzyme is used to copy human DNA from crime scenes. Most reactions are performed at ranges similar to those of the human body; however, what considerations should be made for optimum use of this enzyme?
substrate ... active site
For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction there must be a specific fit between the __________ and the enzyme's __________.
succinylcholine must be a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine
Succinylcholine is structurally almost identical to acetylcholine, but if combined with the enzyme that normally hydrolyzes acetylcholine, the enzyme is no longer able to hydrolyze acetylcholine. This suggests that __________.
a molecule mimics the substrate and binds to the enzyme's active site.
Competitive inhibition occurs when...
Note
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