Matter & Energy

Matter:

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Matter

• substance

  • definite

• elements/atom type

  • cannot be broken down

• compounds (2+ atoms)

  • can be broken down

Impure Matter

• mixtures

  • indefinite

  • Homogenous

    • uniform

  • Heterogeneous

    • not uniform

Models

Properties

• Physical

  • 5 senses

  • mass

  • solubility

  • density

  • volume

  • odor

  • phase

• Chemical

  • behavior

  • flammability

  • acidity

  • radioactivity

Separating Mixture

• Filtration

  • heterogenous

  • different particle size

  

• Distillation

  • homogenous

  • different boiling point

  

• Chromatography

  • different molecules in a mixture

  • solubility

    

Phases of Matter

• Solid

  • definite volume & shape

  • crystal & lattice structure

• Liquid

  • definite volume

  • no definite shape

• Gas

  • chaotic

• no definite shape & volume

Energy

• ability to do work

• The Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

• endothermic - absorbed

• exothermic - released

Temperature

• Q=MCΔT

  • Q - Heat (Joules)

  • M - Mass

  • C - Specific Heat

  • Water: 4.18 J/g*k

  • ΔT - Change in Temperature

  • final temp minus initial temp (Tf - Ti)

• High Temperature → More Kinetic Energy → More Movement

• Heat travels from High → Low

Heating & Cooling Curve

• Heating: endothermic

  • Heat of Fusion: Melting

  • Q=MhF

  • hF = 334 J/g

  • Heat of Vaporization: Vaporization

  • Q=MhV

  • hV = 2260 J/g

• Cooling: exothermic

• Diagrams:

  

Changes

• Physical

  • change in appearance

  • does not change in identity

  • phase changed (solid → liquid → gas)

• Chemical

  • identify