Matter & Energy

Matter:

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Matter

• substance
  • definite
• elements/atom type
  • cannot be broken down
• compounds (2+ atoms)
  • can be broken down

Impure Matter

• mixtures
  • indefinite
  • Homogenous
    • uniform
  • Heterogeneous
    • not uniform

Models

Properties

• Physical
  • 5 senses
  • mass
  • solubility
  • density
  • volume
  • odor
  • phase
• Chemical
  • behavior
  • flammability
  • acidity
  • radioactivity

Separating Mixture

• Filtration

  • heterogenous
  • different particle size

  

• Distillation

  • homogenous
  • different boiling point

  

• Chromatography

  • different molecules in a mixture

  • solubility

    

Phases of Matter

• Solid
  • definite volume & shape
  • crystal & lattice structure
• Liquid
  • definite volume
  • no definite shape
• Gas
  • chaotic
• no definite shape & volume

Energy

• ability to do work
• The Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
• endothermic - absorbed
• exothermic - released

Temperature

• Q=MCΔT
  • Q - Heat (Joules)
  • M - Mass
  • C - Specific Heat
  • Water: 4.18 J/g*k
  • ΔT - Change in Temperature
  • final temp minus initial temp (Tf - Ti)
• High Temperature → More Kinetic Energy → More Movement
• Heat travels from High → Low

Heating & Cooling Curve

• Heating: endothermic

  • Heat of Fusion: Melting
  • Q=MhF
  • hF = 334 J/g
  • Heat of Vaporization: Vaporization
  • Q=MhV
  • hV = 2260 J/g

• Cooling: exothermic

• Diagrams:

  

Changes

• Physical
  • change in appearance
  • does not change in identity
  • phase changed (solid → liquid → gas)
• Chemical
  • identify