Matter & Energy

Matter:

  • Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Matter

  • substance
    • definite
  • elements/atom type
    • cannot be broken down
  • compounds (2+ atoms)
    • can be broken down

Impure Matter

  • mixtures
    • indefinite
    • Homogenous
      • uniform
    • Heterogeneous
      • not uniform

Models

Properties

  • Physical
    • 5 senses
    • mass
    • solubility
    • density
    • volume
    • odor
    • phase
  • Chemical
    • behavior
    • flammability
    • acidity
    • radioactivity

Separating Mixture

  • Filtration

    • heterogenous
    • different particle size

  • Distillation

    • homogenous
    • different boiling point

  • Chromatography

    • different molecules in a mixture

    • solubility

Phases of Matter

  • Solid
    • definite volume & shape
    • crystal & lattice structure
  • Liquid
    • definite volume
    • no definite shape
  • Gas
    • chaotic
  • no definite shape & volume

Energy

  • ability to do work
  • The Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
  • endothermic - absorbed
  • exothermic - released

Temperature

  • Q=MCΔT
    • Q - Heat (Joules)
    • M - Mass
    • C - Specific Heat
    • Water: 4.18 J/g*k
    • ΔT - Change in Temperature
    • final temp minus initial temp (Tf - Ti)
  • High Temperature → More Kinetic Energy → More Movement
  • Heat travels from High → Low

Heating & Cooling Curve

  • Heating: endothermic

    • Heat of Fusion: Melting
    • Q=MhF
    • hF = 334 J/g
    • Heat of Vaporization: Vaporization
    • Q=MhV
    • hV = 2260 J/g
  • Cooling: exothermic

  • Diagrams:

Changes

  • Physical
    • change in appearance
    • does not change in identity
    • phase changed (solid → liquid → gas)
  • Chemical
    • identify

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