Matter & Energy

Matter:

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Matter

• substance   * definite
• elements/atom type   * cannot be broken down
• compounds (2+ atoms)   * can be broken down

Impure Matter

• mixtures   * indefinite     * Homogenous       * uniform     * Heterogeneous       * not uniform

Models

 Properties

• Physical   * 5 senses   * mass   * solubility   * density   * volume   * odor   * phase
• Chemical   * behavior   * flammability   * acidity   * radioactivity

Separating Mixture

• Filtration   * heterogenous   * different particle size

• Distillation   * homogenous   * different boiling point

• Chromatography   * different molecules in a mixture     * solubility

Phases of Matter

• Solid   * definite volume & shape   * crystal & lattice structure
• Liquid   * definite volume   * no definite shape
• Gas   * chaotic
• no definite shape & volume

Energy

• ability to do work
• The Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
• endothermic - absorbed
• exothermic - released

Temperature

• Q=MCΔT   * Q - Heat (Joules)   * M - Mass   * C - Specific Heat     * Water: 4.18 J/g*k   * ΔT - Change in Temperature     * final temp minus initial temp (Tf - Ti)
• High Temperature → More Kinetic Energy → More Movement
• Heat travels from High → Low

Heating & Cooling Curve

• Heating: endothermic   * Heat of Fusion: Melting     * Q=MhF     * hF = 334 J/g   * Heat of Vaporization: Vaporization     * Q=MhV     * hV = 2260 J/g
• Cooling: exothermic
• Diagrams:

Changes

• Physical   * change in appearance   * does not change in identity   * phase changed (solid → liquid → gas)
• Chemical   * identify

\