English identity and Hundred Years War

Hundred Years War

1337-1453

Causes: Individual

• Edward III sought glory after his father was deposed

• Edward III believed he had a more rightful claim to the French throne

Causes: Economic

France threatened to takeover wealthy English Gascony and wool making area of Flanders

Causes: government

France supported Scottish rebels

Battle of Crécy

1346

Edward III won land

Battle of Poitiers

1356

English captured Calais(lost in 1588)

Battle of Agincourt

1415

Henry V vs. French

11K 23K

Why did Henry V win?

• English longbows

• heavy rain meant that French soldiers sank in the mud with their heavy armour

Impacts: technology

• longbows adopted as a vital weapon since proven in Crecy and Agincourt

• foot soldiers more important than cavalry

• increased use of projectiles; guns and gunpowder developed

• French have the first full-time army in Europe due to better tax system

Impacts: Economic

• stolen goods made money to built castles; e.g. Bodiam Castle in Sussex

• England lost wealthy lands; e.g. Aquitaine

• high taxes on both sides

Impacts: Ideas

• Imperialism; Britain began looking for land elsewhere

• Nationalism; English unite separate from Europe

• English spoken language

• Nationalism; French unite under one powerful French king

Impact: land and people

• England suffered more deaths; dysentery

• French land plundered and destroyed; including animals and crops

Collpase

Henry VI lost war and French lands