Chemistry Topic 8 Quiz

acid + metal

salt + hydrogen

pH =

-log[H+]

[H+] =

10^-pH

strong acids pH

0-2

weak acids pH

3-6

weak bases pH

8-11

strong bases pH

12-14

properties of acids

all contain hydrogen, reactive with metal, pH less than 7, methyl orange is red, tastes sour, blue litmus turns red, phenolphthalein is colorless

properties of bases

not reactive with metals, pH higher than 7, feels slippery, tastes bitter, methyl orange is yellow, red litmus turns blue, phenolphthalein is pink

properties of both acids and bases

conduct electricity + corrosive

Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases

acids dissociate in water to form hydrogen (H+) ions or hydronium (H3O+) ions

bases dissociate in water to form hydroxide (OH-) ions

dilemma = focus was only on aqueous solutions, couldn't explain reactions with ammonia

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

acids donate protons (H+)

bases accept protons (H-)

naming bases

by their compound name

naming an acid with two elements

hydro + STEM + ic acid

Ex:

HCl = hydrochloric acid

naming an acid with three elements that ends in -ide/-ate

stem + ic

Ex:

HNO3 = nitric acid

naming an acid with three elements that ends in -ite

stem + ous

Ex:

HNO2 = nitrous acid

conjugate acid-base pair

two substances that are related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion

Amphiprotic species

species that can act as both a proton donor and a proton accepter

only exists in reference to Brønsted-Lowry Theory

amphoteric species

A species capable of reacting as either an acid or base

(can work under different theories, not just B-L)

acid + base

salt + water

neutralization reaction

acid + metal carbonate/metal hydrogen carbonate

salt + water + carbon dioxide

neutral pH

7

one change in pH unit

x 10 change in [H+]

strong acids/bases

completely dissociate in solution (NO molecules of strong acid remaining)

notate using one way arrow

weak acids/bases

Dissociate partially in water (large number of unionized weak ions + concentrations of conjugate base/acid are very low)

notate using a two way arrow

position of equilibrium for a strong acid/base

leans to the right

very high Kc value, [products] high

position of equilibrium for a weak acid/base

leans to the left

very low Kc value, [reactants] high

strength _________ when solution is diluted

does not change

only changes when concentration of pH is manipulated