jcl csk roman history early republic

Who pretended to be a slow-witted man, but lept into action to help Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?

(Lucius) Junius Brutus

Why did Brutus and Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?

rape of Lucretia

Whose rape led Brutus and Collatinus to overthrow the Tarquins?

Lucretia

Who became the first two consuls?

(Lucius) Junius Brutus & Collatinus

What position was given to Junius Brutus and Collatinus at the start of the Republic?

consuls

What Etruscan king tried to capture Rome at the beginning of the Republic?

Lars Porsenna

Whose assualt on Rome was twarted by the bravery of Hortaius Cocles at the Pons Sublicius?

Lars Porsenna

Who single-handedly defended the Pons Sublicius from the assault of Lars Porsenna?

Horatius Cocles

What bridge did Horatius Cocles single-handedly defend from the assault of Lars Porsenna?

Pons Sublicius

What does "Cocles" mean?

one-eyed

Who swam in his armor back to Rome after defending the Pons Sublicius from Lars Porsenna?

Horatius Cocles

What does "Scaevola" mean?

Left-Handed / Lefty

What Roman held his right hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the resolve of the Roman people?

Mucius Scaevola

How did Mucius Scaevola earn his cognomen?

held his left hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the Romans would not surrender

What Roman woman escaped from Lars Porsenna by swimming across the Tiber?

Cloelia

How did Cloelia escape from Lars Porsenna?

swam across the Tiber (or rode on horseback)

What happened to Cloelia after she was returned to Lars Porsenna so that a treaty would not be broken?

he let her go

What mythical twins were the sons of Zeus and the brothers of Helen?

Castor & Pollux

At what battle in 496 B.C. did the Romans defeat the Latins?

Lake Regillus

In what year did the Romans defeat the Latins at the Lake Regillus?

496 BC

What two mythical brothers urged the Romans to victory at Lake Regillus in 496 BC?

Castor & Pollux

What Roman general was victorious at the Lake Regillus?

Postumius

Who built a temple for Castor & Pollux after the Lake Regillus?

Postumius

What temple did Postumius build after the Lake Regillus?

Temple of Castor & Pollux

What Roman noble was expelled from Rome and came back leading an army of Volscians?

Coriolanus

What tribe did Coriolanus lead against the Romans?

Volsci

How did Gaius Marcius receive the cognomen Coriolanus?

led a Volscian tribe from Corioli

Who led an army of Volscians against the Romans?

Coriolanus

Name the wife and mother of Coriolanus who persuaded him to turn back from his assault.

Veturia (mother) & Volumnia (wife)

What farmer was called from his plow to be dictator during an invasion of Aequi?

Cincinnatus

What tribe's invasion force the Romans to appoint the farmer Cincinnatus as dictator?

Aequi

In what year did the Aequi trap a Roman army?

458 BC

When was a dictator appointed?

when one or both consuls were killed

How long did a dictator serve?

6 months

What dictator returned to his plow after defeating the Aequi in only 16 days?

Cincinnatus

How long did it take for Cincinnatus to defeat the Aequi?

16 days

What did Cincinnatus do after defeating the Aequi?

returned to his plow

What did the Romans call the aristocrats?

patricians

What did the Romans call the commoners?

plebeians

What is the term for when the plebeians left the city because of unrest between them and the patricians?

Secession of the Plebs

Who delivered a speech about the "belly and the limbs" to convince the plebeians to return to the city?

Menenius Agrippa

What did Menenius Agrippa deliver a speech about to convince the plebeians to return to the city?

the belly and the limbs

What tribune, in 462 BC, first requested a code of written laws?

Terentilius Harsa

What bronze tablets of Roman law were inscribed in 450 BC and posted in the Forum for all to see?

Twelve Tables

In what year was the first law code inscribed on bronze tablets and set up in the Forum?

450 BC

What commission of 10 men chosen to write the Twelve Tables?

Decemviri

What were the Decemviri appointed to do?

create a code of laws

Who was the leader of the Decemviri?

Appius Claudius

Which decemvir abused his power by trying to take advantage of the maiden Verginia?

Appius Claudius

What maiden did the decemvir Appius Claudius try to take advantage of?

Verginia

What happened after Appius Claudius tried to take advantage of Verginia?

she killed herself

What law was passed in 445 BC which legalized marriage between patricians and plebeians?

Lex Canuleia

In what year did the Lex Canuleia legalize marriage between patricians and plebeians?

445 BC

Which law made plebiscite (laws passed by the Concilium Plebis) legally binding?

Lex Canuleia

What law of 287 BC removed the restriction that plebian laws be approved by the Comitia Centuriata?

Lex Hortensia

What law of 367 BC required at least one consul to be plebeian?

Sexto-Licinian Law

What was the major effect of the Sexto-Licinian Law?

at least one consul had to be plebeian

Who was the first plebeian consul?

Lucius Sextius

What office was Lucius Sextius the first plebeian to hold?

consul

Who was referred to as "The Second Founder of Rome"?

Camillus

What honorific title was given to Camillus?

The Second Founder of Rome

Which Roman led the capure of Veii in 396 BC?

Camillus

What nearby city did Camillus capture in 396 BC?

Veii

How did Camillus capture Veii?

tunneled under its walls

Who tunneled under the walls of Veii to capture the city in 396 BC?

Camillus

What Gallic chieftain sacked Rome in 390 BC?

Brennus

In what year did Brennus sack Rome?

390 BC

At what battle in 390 BC did Brennus and the Gauls defeat the Romans?

Allia River

Who defeated the Romans at the Allia River in 390 BC?

Brennus

Where did the Romans retreat to when Brennus captured the city?

Capitoline Hill

Who alerted Marcus Manlius that the Gauls were climbing the Capitoline Hill?

sacred Geese of Juno

Who was alerted by the sacred geese that the Gauls were trying to capture the Capitoline Hill?

Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

Which goddess' sacred geese alerted the Romans that the Gauls were ascending the Capitoline?

Juno's

What did Brennus say when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale for his ransom money?

Vae Victis ("Woe to the Conquered")

Who said "Vae Victis" when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale used to weigh his ransom money?

Brennus

What were the years of the First Samnite War?

343-341 BC

What war did the Romans fight from 343-341 BC?

First Samnite War

What were the years of the Second Samnite War?

327-304 BC

What war did the Romans fight from 327-304 BC?

Second Samnite War

What were the years of the Third Samnite War?

298-290 BC

What war did the Romans fight from 298-290 BC?

Third Samnite War

What war was a minor conflict in the vicinity of Capua from 343-341 BC?

First Samnite War

What war was fought over a disputue at Neapolis from 327-303 BC?

Second Samnite War

The 2nd Samnite War was fought over a dispute at what city?

Neapolis (Naples)

What is the modern day name of Neapolis?

Naples

What is the ancient name of Naples?

Neapolis

At what battle in 321 BC did the Samnite force a Roman army to walk under the yoke?

Caudine Forks

In what year did the Samnites defeat the Romans at the Caudine Forks and force them to walk under the yoke?

321 BC

What sign of complete surrender did the Samnites force upon the Romans after the Caudine Forks?

walk under the yoke

At what battle in 315 BC was Fabius Rullianus defeated by the Samnites?

Lautulae

In what year was Fabius Rullianus defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae?

315 BC

What Roman commander was defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae in 315 BC?

Fabius Rullianus

Who built a road from Rome to Capua which helped the Romans win the 2nd Samnite War?

Appius Claudius Caecus

What does the cognomen "Caecus" mean?

blind

What road did Appius Claudius Caecus build from Rome to Capua during the 2nd Samnite War?

Via Appia

At what battle in 295 BC did Decius Mus spur the Romans to victory by commiting a devotio?

Sentinum

In what year did the Romans defeat the Samnites at Sentinum?

295 BC

Who committed a devotio at Sentinum which spurred the Romans on to victory?

Decius Mus

What is a devotio?

self-sacrifice

Who was a famous censor in 312 BC?

Appius Claudius Caecus