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28 Terms
1
Sleep Architecture
The basic structural organization of normal sleep, including its stages and cycles.
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2
Hypnogram
A visual representation of sleep cycles over a sleep period.
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3
NREM Sleep
Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep, which includes stages 1, 2, and 3 of sleep.
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4
REM Sleep
Rapid Eye Movement sleep, a variable state of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreaming.
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5
Polysomnographic Parameters
Metrics recorded during sleep studies, including brainwave activity, eye movements, and muscle movements.
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6
Circadian Rhythm
The internal body clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and other biological processes.
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7
Polyphasic Sleep
Sleep that occurs in multiple phases throughout a 24-hour period.
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8
Biphasic Sleep
Sleep that consists of two distinct phases during a 24-hour period, often including a long nighttime sleep and a nap.
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9
Monophasic Sleep
Sleep that occurs in a single, extended period during the night with no daytime naps.
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10
Chronotype
An individual's natural preference for being active during certain parts of the day, such as 'morning larks' or 'night owls.'
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11
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep.
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12
Sleep Spindles
Brief bursts of brain activity observed in stage 2 NREM sleep, indicative of processing and consolidation.
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13
K Complexes
Large, slow brain waves that occur during NREM sleep, particularly in stage 2.
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14
Atonia
Loss of muscle tone or paralysis that typically occurs during REM sleep.
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15
Subjective Sleep Quality
Individuals' perception of their sleep quality and patterns, often assessed through surveys.
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16
Restless Legs Syndrome
A condition characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs, leading to an urge to move them, particularly during the evening or night.
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17
Sleep Duration
The total amount of time spent sleeping, which varies by age and individual needs.
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18
Biological Sex
The physical and biological characteristics that define humans as male or female, including genetic differences.
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19
Gender Minority Groups
Individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth, including transgender and non-binary individuals.
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20
Sleep Disorders
Medical conditions that significantly impact the quality, timing, and duration of sleep.
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21
Neural Growth and Development Theory
A theory suggesting that sleep is essential for the development of neural pathways, especially in young organisms.
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22
Energy Conservation Theory
A theory proposing that sleep serves to lower metabolic rates and conserve energy.
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23
Information Processing Theory
A theory suggesting that sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation and information processing.
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24
Nocturia
The need to wake up during the night to urinate, which can disrupt sleep.
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25
Circadian Timing
The timing of various biological processes, including sleep, that can shift with age and lifestyle.
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26
Age-Dependent Changes in Sleep
Alterations in sleep patterns and architecture that occur as a person ages, including reduced total sleep time and changes in sleep efficiency.
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27
Marine Mammal Sleep
Distinct sleep traits in aquatic mammals, such as unihemispheric sleep where one hemisphere of the brain sleeps while the other stays awake for survival.
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28
Infradian Cycles
Cycles that occur over a period longer than a day, such as female reproductive hormone cycles.
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