Industrialization and Immigration

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on industrialization and immigration, focusing on important figures, events, and economic systems.

What did industrialism replace as the main source of economic growth in the United States by the end of the 1800s?

Agriculture

What was the significance of the Transatlantic Cable?

It was the first telegraph cable beneath the Atlantic Ocean, connecting the U.S. to Europe for immediate communication.

Who invented the first telephone transmission?

Alexander Graham Bell.

What invention is Thomas Edison known for?

The incandescent light bulb.

What was the corporation in the context of business?

A large business where many investors own shares or stocks.

Define monopoly in relation to business.

A company or small group of companies that have complete control over a particular field.

What term describes businessmen who gained wealth by ruthless methods?

Robber Barons.

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

Belief by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthy had a responsibility to use their wealth for the betterment of the poor.

What is laissez-faire economics?

An economic system where the government does not interfere with business operations.

How did Social Darwinism apply to business?

It justified the idea that some business owners were more successful due to natural selection and 'survival of the fittest'.

What is a trust in the context of corporations?

A group of corporations in the same field that agree to regulate production together.

What period is referred to as the Gilded Age?

1865-1890s, marked by rapid industrialization and extravagant wealth.

What was the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

It limited Chinese immigration to the United States starting in 1882.

What was the role of Ellis Island in immigration?

It served as the main entry point for immigrants to the United States from 1892 to 1954.

What did Jane Addams create to help the urban poor?

Settlement houses that provided social services and education.

What did the Jim Crow Laws enforce?

Racial segregation requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites.

What was the significance of the Pullman Strike?

Workers protested wage cuts, and the strike was broken up by federal troops.

What is a labor union?

An organization of workers that advocates for better working conditions and wages.

What was the outcome of the Haymarket Riot?

Public outcry led to the defeat of the eight-hour workday reform.

Define urbanization.

The process by which cities grow and develop.

What health problems were associated with urban living conditions in the 1800s?

Diseases caused by pollution, waste, and inadequate ventilation.

Who were the Knights of Labor?

The first national labor union that proposed an eight-hour workday and equal pay for equal work.

In what ways did African Americans respond to segregation?

Responses varied, with some supporting accommodation while others advocated for equal rights.