chemistry- paper 1

what is a soluble?

a substance that can dissolve in a solvent

what is an insoluble?

a substance that cannot dissolve in a solvent

what is a solvent?

the liquid that dissolves in a solute

what is a solute?

the substance that is dissolved

what is a solution?

a mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent

what is an ion?

electrically charged atom or groups of atoms

how are ionic structures arranged?

lattice

what is Metallic bonding?

metal atoms bonding to each other

what is ionic bonding?

metals bonding to non-metals

what group are Alkali metals in?

Group 1

what group are Halogens in?

group 7

what group are the noble gases in?

group 8

what happens to group ones electrons?

lose

what is the order of electron shells?

2,8,8,2

what do metals form?

positive ions

what do non-metals form?

negative ions

what do metals do?

donate electrons to gain an empty outer shell

what do non-metals do?

accept electrons to gain a full outer shell

what is an isotope?

same element and different number of neutrons

what is a mass number?

the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

what is an atomic number?

number of protons in a nucleus

what does filtration do?

removes large, insoluble particles from a liquid

what is an example of filtration?

sand from water

what does evaporation do?

leaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance if heated gently

what does distillation involve?

condensing the evaporated solvent and collecting it

what is fractional distillation?

separating liquids due their different boiling points

what is chromatography?

causes substance to rise up due to capillary action

what was John Dalton’s theory about the atomic structure?

matter is made of invisible particles

what did JJ Thompson create?

plum pudding model

what did Ernest Rutherford discovered?

the nucleus and that most alpha particles went straight through

what did James Chadwick discover?

nucleus must contain neutrons as well as protons

what did Neil Bohr deduced?

electrons exist in shells

what is the relative charge for a proton?

+1

what is the relative mass for a proton

1

what is the relative charge for a neutron?

0

what is the relative mass for a neutron?

1

what is the relative charge for an electron?

-1

what is the relative mass for an electron?

0

what is an element?

a substance containing only one type of atom

give an example of an element?

mg

what is a compound?

a substance containing two or more different type of atoms

give an example of a compound?

H20

what is a mixture?

a substance made by mixing other substances together

what is an atom?

smallest unit of matter

what is (aq)?

indicates the substance is in a solution (aqueous)

what is an alloy?

mixture of two or more elements

why can graphite conduct electricity?

it has delocalised electrons

what does delocalised electrons means?

Delocalised electrons are electrons that are not associated with a single atom or a single covalent bond within a molecule.