History of Psychology Exam 4

“___” believed the basis of mental illness is in the physical brain

willis

historically, treatment of metal illness was haphazard and treatments ranged from ___ and ___ to remedies passed down from ancients, such as ___/___, potions, herbs…

incarceration and neglect, bleeding/purging

by the 19th century treatment of mental illness fell into two categories of approaches: ___ and ___

somatic and psychic

the somatic approach to the treatment of mental illness regarded mental illness as a product of ___ causes

physical

the psychic approach to the treatment of mental illness regarded mental illness as a product of ___ causes

mental

the differing approaches to mental illness in the 19th century (somatic/psychic) illustrated the ___ view among physicians that the mind and body may interact but are not identical

dualistic

according to dualistic physicians the mind had a ___ basis while the body was ___

spirit, physical

pinel’s moral therapy is an example of the ___ approach

somatic

incarceration often resulted in the further ___ of mental patients, both mentally and physically

deterioration

pinel believed a healthy ___ would improve the mind

body

part of pinel’s treatment was to ___ incarcerated patients from institutions, after which he did what?

remove, after which he placed them in villages/farms in the countryside

pinel’s movement of mental patients from mental institutions to the countryside resulted in them having healthier food, better air, and ___ ___

meaningful work

charcot’s approach reflected a ___ view of mental illness

psychic

charcot employed ___ and ___ to remove symptoms as part of his treatment

hypnosis and suggestion

mesmerism was another dead in psychology, much like ___

phrenology

mesmer believed that illness resulted from the obstruction of the free flow of ___ ___ in a person

animal spirits

mesmer drew his ideas from the ___ theory of the greeks

humor

mesmer believes that techniques to promote the free flow of ___ ___ would restore a person to health

animal spirits

mesmer’s healing technique involved the charismatic ___ of patients by a trained mesmerist or by participation in a ___ ___ session using a tub filled with magnetic water

touching, group therapy

what is a baquet?

a tub filled with magnetic water

the king of france concluded that ___ was an ineffective treatment

mesmerism

what were the 3 primary factors in the 19th century that influenced how freud would develop his school of psychology?

science and technology

unconscious

hypnosis

19th century science and technology influenced freud. he used a “___ ___” metaphor to describe the closed energy system of the mind and how it works

steam engine

freud’s steam engine metaphor for the mind illustrated how the mind contains a finite amount of ___ that could be devoted to establishing one’s personality and to coping with ___ ___

energy, external demands

neuroses are what?

problems

according to freud, neuroses/problems occurred when a person used so much energy to cope with ___ ___ that there was not enough left to deal with ___ ___

past conflicts, present life

according to freud neuroses/problems occurred when a person’s ___ conflicts were so strong they burst through the defenses

repressed

something that inlfuenced freud was the idea of an ___ world (one that is inaccessible to a person’s ___ thought)

unconscious, conscious

the idea of an unconscious world, which inspired freud, was written about by several psychologists and philosophers such as ___

fechner

freud learned about ___ techniques when he worked with charcot. it became his initial tool for treating his patients

hypnosis

freud eventually abandoned treatment using ___ because he concluded it was unnecessary, and instead employed what he called ___ ___

hypnosis, talking therapy

what were freud’s 3 therapeutic techniques to access the unconscious?

dream interpretation

free association

slips of the tongue

freud believed dreams were a safety valve that allowed release of tension created by ___ ___

repressed conflicts

the manifest content of dreams can also be considered the ___ content of dreams

surface

“___ ___” involved saying the first thing that came to mind, as a way around the defenses someone might employ if given more time to think about it

free association

according to freud, slips of the tongue might reflect a person’s underlying ___ that have slipped through into consciousness

desires

a common theme among all of freud’s therapeutic techniques is that a person’s ___ will prevent them from being able to access the conflict directly

defenses

according to freud, a therapist should take on the role of an ___ in the vanished civilization of the mind, with the goal of reconstructing its past culture/bits and pieces left behind - assembling/interpreting clues that break through from the ___

archaeologist, unconscious

anna o was diagnosed with ___

hysteria

slips of the tongue are also called ___

parapraxes

anna o was treated by ___ and ___

freud and breuer

freud and breuer tried to use ___ first with anna o, but found that she improved with ___ therapy

hypnosis, talking therapy

which patient’s case led freud to abandon hypnosis?

anna o

freud worked with ___ on the treatment of emma eckstein

fliess

fliess attempted to treat emma eckstein by performing what?

nasal surgery

the case of emma eckstein caused freud to change his interpretation of hysteria from one based on ___ sexual abuse to ___ of sexual abuse

real, fantasies

the case of emma eckstein laid the groundwork for freud’s theory of ___ development

psychosexual

freud’s seduction theory was rejected by his colleagues because they could not accept what?

that real sexual abuse occurred in their social circles

according to freud, children develop same-sex identification through resolution of the ___ conflict (for boys) or the ___ conflict (for girls)

oedipal, electra

according to freud, all infants want to ___ the mother and are jealous of the father

possess

despite jealousy of the father, according to freud, infants also fear ___ of the father and are ___ to the father

fear loss of the father, are attached

according to freud, for boys, the way out of the oedipal conflict is to ___ with the father so they will eventually possess a mother substitute

identify

according to freud, girls are ___ to the mother and envious of the ___ ___

attracted, male penis

according to freud, girls adopt the female role in order to obtain a ___ via a male mate

penis

according to psychoanalytic psychology, a child develops a gender identity during the ages of ___ to ___

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