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Obstacles to communicating emotions
Social and cultural customs, fear, and inadequate interpersonal skills that hinder emotional expression.
Social and Cultural Customs
Customs that regard certain emotions as inappropriate for communication.
Fear in emotional communication
Fear of appearing weak or being rejected when expressing emotions.
Inadequate Interpersonal Skills
Lack of skills that create doubt about how to express emotions.
Stages of Emotions
Emotions occur in stages, which can be categorized as primary or blended.
Emotional Expression Involvement
Emotions involve both body and mind during expression.
Factors Influencing Emotions
Emotions are influenced by a variety of factors, including context and culture.
Channels of Emotional Expression
Emotional expression uses multiple channels, including verbal and non-verbal cues.
Display Rules
Cultural norms governing emotional expression.
Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Emotions
Emotions may serve constructive or destructive purposes.
Strategic Use of Emotions
Emotions can be used intentionally to affect interactions.
Consequences of Emotions
Emotions can lead to various outcomes in interpersonal relationships.
Contagious Emotions
Emotions can be transmitted between individuals, impacting group dynamics.
Individualism vs. Collectivism
A cultural dimension that contrasts independent versus group-oriented values.
Power Distance
Cultural values that define how power is distributed and accepted within a society.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Cultural dimension that indicates how comfortable a culture is with ambiguity.
Femininity/Masculinity
A dimension reflecting the gender roles valued in a culture.
Low-Context Culture
Cultures where communication is explicit and direct.
High-Context Culture
Cultures that rely more on non-verbal and contextual cues.
Components of Effective Communication
Includes Open, Feedforward, Business, Feedback, and Closing.
Phatic Communication
A type of communication that establishes a connection between individuals.
Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure
Considerations like personality, culture, gender, listeners, topics, and media.
Guidelines for Self-Disclosure
Self-disclosing individuals must consider motivation, appropriateness, and potential burdens.
Active Listening
Skills practiced to facilitate and respond to self-disclosures.
Reciprocity in Self-Disclosure
A tendency for disclosures to be mutual in conversations.
Characteristics of Self-Disclosure
Includes being verbal and nonverbal, avoiding extremes of disclosure, and typically occurring in dyads.
Conversational Problems Examples
Detour takers, monologists, complainers, moralists, inactive responders, storytellers, egosists, thought completers, advisors.
Attraction Theory
We form relationships with those we find physically or personally attractive.
Factors for Attraction
Physical attraction, proximity, similarity, and complementarity.
Social Exchange Theory
We seek relationships that maximize our benefits over costs.
Equity Theory
Relationships develop based on fair ratios of rewards and costs.
Rules in Relationships
Following relationship rules helps maintain harmony.
Relationship Dialectics Theory
Highlights conflicts in relationships, such as autonomy vs. intimacy.
Social Penetration Theory
As relationships become more intimate, communication becomes deeper and broader.
Politeness Theory
Emphasizes the importance of maintaining both positive and negative face in interactions.
Reasons for Interpersonal Relationships
To reduce uncertainty, understand oneself, the world, and fulfill social needs.
Parasocial Relationships
Relationships perceived by audience members with media personalities.
Stages of Relationship Development
Contact, involvement, intimacy, deterioration, repair, dissolution.
Stages of Relationship Deterioration
Includes interpersonal dissatisfaction and intrapersonal deterioration.
Dealing with Breakups
Strategies include breaking loneliness-depression cycles, boosting self-esteem, and mindfulness.
Good Interpersonal Relationships Factors
Effective communication, empathy, respect, trust, and adaptability.
Causes of Relationship Deterioration
Includes poor communication, external pressures, and financial difficulties.
Interpersonal Repair in Relationships
Recognizing problems, fostering communication and conflict resolution, and affirming each other.
Understanding Empathy
A skill involving clarity, focus, reflection, disclosure, and acknowledgment of mixed messages.
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