COM: Second Exam

Obstacles to communicating emotions

Social and cultural customs, fear, and inadequate interpersonal skills that hinder emotional expression.

Social and Cultural Customs

Customs that regard certain emotions as inappropriate for communication.

Fear in emotional communication

Fear of appearing weak or being rejected when expressing emotions.

Inadequate Interpersonal Skills

Lack of skills that create doubt about how to express emotions.

Stages of Emotions

Emotions occur in stages, which can be categorized as primary or blended.

Emotional Expression Involvement

Emotions involve both body and mind during expression.

Factors Influencing Emotions

Emotions are influenced by a variety of factors, including context and culture.

Channels of Emotional Expression

Emotional expression uses multiple channels, including verbal and non-verbal cues.

Display Rules

Cultural norms governing emotional expression.

Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Emotions

Emotions may serve constructive or destructive purposes.

Strategic Use of Emotions

Emotions can be used intentionally to affect interactions.

Consequences of Emotions

Emotions can lead to various outcomes in interpersonal relationships.

Contagious Emotions

Emotions can be transmitted between individuals, impacting group dynamics.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

A cultural dimension that contrasts independent versus group-oriented values.

Power Distance

Cultural values that define how power is distributed and accepted within a society.

Uncertainty Avoidance

Cultural dimension that indicates how comfortable a culture is with ambiguity.

Femininity/Masculinity

A dimension reflecting the gender roles valued in a culture.

Low-Context Culture

Cultures where communication is explicit and direct.

High-Context Culture

Cultures that rely more on non-verbal and contextual cues.

Components of Effective Communication

Includes Open, Feedforward, Business, Feedback, and Closing.

Phatic Communication

A type of communication that establishes a connection between individuals.

Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure

Considerations like personality, culture, gender, listeners, topics, and media.

Guidelines for Self-Disclosure

Self-disclosing individuals must consider motivation, appropriateness, and potential burdens.

Active Listening

Skills practiced to facilitate and respond to self-disclosures.

Reciprocity in Self-Disclosure

A tendency for disclosures to be mutual in conversations.

Characteristics of Self-Disclosure

Includes being verbal and nonverbal, avoiding extremes of disclosure, and typically occurring in dyads.

Conversational Problems Examples

Detour takers, monologists, complainers, moralists, inactive responders, storytellers, egosists, thought completers, advisors.

Attraction Theory

We form relationships with those we find physically or personally attractive.

Factors for Attraction

Physical attraction, proximity, similarity, and complementarity.

Social Exchange Theory

We seek relationships that maximize our benefits over costs.

Equity Theory

Relationships develop based on fair ratios of rewards and costs.

Rules in Relationships

Following relationship rules helps maintain harmony.

Relationship Dialectics Theory

Highlights conflicts in relationships, such as autonomy vs. intimacy.

Social Penetration Theory

As relationships become more intimate, communication becomes deeper and broader.

Politeness Theory

Emphasizes the importance of maintaining both positive and negative face in interactions.

Reasons for Interpersonal Relationships

To reduce uncertainty, understand oneself, the world, and fulfill social needs.

Parasocial Relationships

Relationships perceived by audience members with media personalities.

Stages of Relationship Development

Contact, involvement, intimacy, deterioration, repair, dissolution.

Stages of Relationship Deterioration

Includes interpersonal dissatisfaction and intrapersonal deterioration.

Dealing with Breakups

Strategies include breaking loneliness-depression cycles, boosting self-esteem, and mindfulness.

Good Interpersonal Relationships Factors

Effective communication, empathy, respect, trust, and adaptability.

Causes of Relationship Deterioration

Includes poor communication, external pressures, and financial difficulties.

Interpersonal Repair in Relationships

Recognizing problems, fostering communication and conflict resolution, and affirming each other.

Understanding Empathy

A skill involving clarity, focus, reflection, disclosure, and acknowledgment of mixed messages.