respiration test save me pls
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72 Terms
cellular respiration equation
C6H1206+02 → C02+H20
how do belpharisma and protists perform gas exchange
gas exchange at cell membrane
how does earthworm do cellular respiratoin
thin moist skin so 02 absorbs straight into capillaries
how does a grasshopper perform cellular respiration
goes straight to cells from holes in body
spiracles
holes in side of grasshopper
tracheal tubes
tunnels from spiracles into body
how does a human perform gas exchange
mouth/nose → sinuses kinda → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
sinuses
warm and moisten air inhaled
trachea
tube lined with cartilage
lumen of alveoli
space inside alveoli
equation for chest cavity pressure
P=n/v
muciliary escalator
mucus in lungs, always wet
funciton of cilia in lungs
push mucus up
why is 02 needed for combustion
forms more stable molecules then breaks them to release energy
OIL
oxidation is loss
oxidation
loss of electrons, charge goes up
RIG
reduction is gain
reduction
gains electrons/hydrogen
biochemical pathway
A→/← B → C → D → E
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
calorie
amount of energy needed to raise temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree celcius
how many calories in one gram of glucose
3811
how many calories in one gram of triglyceride fats
8898
amount of claories in one gram of protein
4000
how many calories in one gram of fat
9000
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
end products of glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
which step does the bulk of energy come from
electron transport chain
NAD+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotde
how many electrons per nad
2
advantages of glycolysis
fast so it isn’t limited by its small energy yield
kreb cycle
pyruvic acid is broken down to C02 in energy extracting reactions
parts of mitochondrian
outer mitochondrial membrane, intermembrane space, inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix
acetyl-CoA
2C + coenzyme A
citric acid
acetyl CoA + 4C molecule from end product of citric acid cycle
Products of kreb cycle per glucose
4 C02
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
link reaction
links glycolysis to kreb cycle
products of link reaction per glucose
2 NADH
2 C02
what does CoA stand for
coenzyme A
other names for PGAL
G3P
PGAL formula
Phosphate+3C
endosymbiotic theory
mitonchondria, photosynthetic plastids, and flagella were once there own organisms
who came up with endosymbiotic theory
lynn margulis
electron transport chain and atp synthesis
high energy electrons from first two steps are used to convert ADP to ATP
where does the etc take place in eukaryotes
inner mitochondrial membrane in electron carriers
where does the etc take place in prokaryotes
cell membrane
ATP production process
Hydrogen ions go from intermembrane space to matrix using ATP synthase
what causes the atp synthase to spin
charge difference in inter mitochondrial space and matrix
what does the atp synthase do
enzyme grabs ADP and attaches it to a phosphate group, making ATP
how many molecules of ATP per pair of electrons
3
what are electrons used for in etc
used to transport Hydrogen ions across membrane
how many ATP per glucose as a result of etc
36 ish
how much of the total energy of glucose is used
36%
what happens to the rest of energy from glucose
used as heat to keep body temp
what organisms perform alcoholic fermentation
microorganisms like yeast
how does alcoholic fermentation affect bread
it causes the bread to rise from C02 bubbles
what does lactic acid make food taste like
sour
where does short term energy come from
pre stored ATP and ATP from lactic acid fermentation
long term energy
cellular respiration
order of enegy used during exercise long term
ATP stored
Lactic acid fermentation
glycogen/cellular respiration
how many molecules of c02 and h20 per glucose
6 ea
what does atp mean
adenosine triphosphate
what does adp stand for
adenosine diphosphate
where does kreb cycle take place
matrix
where does etc occur
inner mitochondrial membrane, plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells
oxidative phosphorolation
ETC as a whole (idk man)
what structures does etc take place in
cytochromes
what is cellular respiration described as
oxidation
where does oxidative phosphorilation take place
inner membrane
does combustion release water
yes
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain electrons